Raised ICP Flashcards
What causes raised intracranial pressure?
- Brain tumour
- Head injury
- Hydrocephalus (increased fluid around the brain)
- Meningitis
- Stroke
What visual problems are reported with raised ICP?
- transient blurred vision
- double vision
- loss of vision
- papilloedema (swelling of optic disc due to increased ICP)
- pupillary changes
What are the three meninges called
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia mater
- Dura mater
- “Hard mother”
- Tough
- Sensory supply from CN V
- Encloses dural venous sinuses
-Arachnoid mater
-“Spidery mother”
-Arachnoid granulations
-
-Subarachnoid space
-Circulating CSF and blood vessels-Pia
-“Faithful mother”
-Adheres to brain (and vessels and nerves entering or leaving)
What visual problems are reported in raised ICP?
- transient blurred vision
- double vision
- loss of vision
- papilloedema (swelling of optic disc due to increased ICP)
- pupillary changes
Where do you perform lumbar punctures?
L3/4
L4/5
What does this picture show?
Papilloedema
Swollen optic disc
- Describe the anatomy of the ventricular system of the brain
- Describe the anatomy of circulation of CSF around the brain and spinal cord
How does raised ICP affect optic nerve?
-Raised ICP will be transmitted along the subarachnoid space in the optic nerve sheath
What would happen to the eye if the abducent nerve was damaged?
- Paralysis of lateral rectus muscle
- -Eye cannot move laterally in horizontal plane-Medial deviation of the eye
What happens to the eye when the trochlear nerve is damaged?
-Inferior oblique is unopposed
-eye cannot move inferomedially-diplopia when looking down
What are the symptoms of occulomotor nerve damage?
- Paralysis of somatic motor innervation
- 4 extra-ocular muscles and eyelid
- -Paralysis of parasympathetic innervation sphincter of pupil
- -lose/slowness of pupillary light reflex, dilated pupil, ptosis, eye turned inferolaterally
- ‘Down and Out’
