THE RED AND BROWN ALGAE

Question 1

proposed phylogenetic classification puts the brown algae under

Answer 1

Clade Stramenopila

Question 2

group of the diatoms, golden brown algae, brown algae and water molds for their presence of hairy flagella,

Answer 2

Supergroup Chromalveolata

Question 3

comprise the most anatomically and
morphologically complex of all algae

Answer 3

brown algae

Question 4

Majority of brown algae habitat

Answer 4

cold marine waters with only a few inhabiting warm water habitats

Question 5

They differ from green algae and true plants in

Answer 5

having chlorophylls a and c and large amounts of a variety of xanthophyll pigments such as fucoxanthin, violaxanthin and diatoxanthin. Carotenes are also present.

Question 6

brown algae can carry on photosynthesis at varied levels in the ocean

Answer 6

true

Question 7

All brown algae are multicellular and exhibit alternation of haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations.

Answer 7

true

Question 8

retain its group under Clade Rhodophyta

Answer 8

red algae (Division Rhodophyta)

Question 9

considered closest relatives of land plants along with the green algae.

Answer 9

red algae (Division Rhodophyta)

Question 10

are best known for the complexity of their life cycles

Answer 10

red algae (Division Rhodophyta)

Question 11

Most red algae have three multicellular phases:

Answer 11

a haploid gametophyte and two diploid sporophytes

Question 12

a multicellular diploid generation found in plants and algae that undergo alternation of generations.

Answer 12

sporophyte

Question 13

vast majority of red algae are multicellular, filamentous,
membranous or foliaceous

Only a few unicellular species have ever been discovered.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

pigments give red algae their red or pink color

Answer 14

Phycobilins and carotenoids

Question 15

Not all red algae, however, are red. Species that do not contain as much accessory pigments are often blue-green or olive in color.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

Many red algae species also form layers of ______ in their cell walls.
They are the coralline algae and are important in reef building.

Answer 16

calcium carbonate

Question 17

They are the __________ and are important in reef building

Answer 17

coralline algae

Question 18

brown algae

dichotomously branched seaweed is attached to the rocks of the intertidal
zone by a holdfast. The flattened plant body possesses a prominent “midrib” and air bladders. Two kinds of tips are often found. The vegetative tip is flattened and resembles the rest of the thallus. The reproductive tip is enlarged and contains several structures.

Answer 18

Fucus

Question 19

reproductive tips, enlarged and contains several structures

Answer 19

receptacles

Question 20

receptacles contain various cavities called

open to the outside environment through ostioles.

Answer 20

conceptacles

Question 21

The conceptacles may contain only oogonia, only antheridia
or both, depending on the species.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

(oogonia and antheridia)

Answer 22

gametangia

Question 23

gametangia are interspersed among sterile filaments called

Answer 23

paraphyses

Question 24

brown algae
are among the species making up the kelp forest

Answer 24

Laminaria

Question 25

plant-like body has three main parts in laminaria:

Answer 25

holdfast
stipe
blades

Question 26

root-like plant-like body part
anchors the thallus to the substrate

Answer 26

holdfast

Question 27

stem-like, often hollow stalk called

Answer 27

stipe

Question 28

provide most of the surface area for
photosynthesis

Answer 28

blades

Question 29

Laminaria stipe has an outer layer called
both meristematic and photosynthetic.

Answer 29

both meristematic and photosynthetic.

Question 30

cortex of ______ cells lies next to the meristoderm of laminaria

Answer 30

parenchyma

Question 31

composed of photosynthetic cells and
mucilage ducts, each of which is surrounded by secretory cells in laminaria

Answer 31

meristoderm

Question 32

The central region of the meristoderm is composed of__________ that have pores in their end walls and temporarily function like sieve tube members.

Answer 32

trumpet cells

Question 33

fertile area that produce motile, haploid spores known as zoospores in laminaria

Answer 33

sporangia

Question 34

motile, haploid spores
germinate into either male or female filamentous gametophytes
heteromorphic alternation of generation is exhibited.

Answer 34

zoospores

Question 35

when there is a haploid gametophyte in one generation and a diploid sporophyte in another generation. Both the generations are different from each other, morphologically and genetically.

Answer 35

heteromorphic alternation of generation

Question 36

Red Algae
filamentous body organization
evolved a triphasic life history

Answer 36

Polysiphonia

Question 37

Brown Algae representatives

Answer 37

Sargassum, Padina, Turbinaria, Dictyota

Question 38

Red Algae representatives

Answer 38

Halymenia, Gracilaria, Galaxaura, Actinotrichia, Amphiroa, Kappaphycus

Question 39

Polysiphonia
first of triphasic phases is the diploid ____________ that develops from the base of the carpogonium after fertilization.

Answer 39

carposporophyte

Question 40

Polysiphonia triphasic phases

A series of cellular duplications produce filaments that are densely
packed with protoplasm that probably nourishes the developing _______.

Answer 40

carposporophyte

Question 41

Polysiphonia triphasic phases

The carposporophyte produces the ________ that germinates into the tetrasporophyte.

Answer 41

carpospore

Question 42

Polysiphonia triphasic phases

forms tetraspores that germinate into the gametophyte

Answer 42

tetrasporophyte

Question 43

Polysiphonia triphasic phases

gametophyte produces

Answer 43

spermatangiumand
the carpogonium, which is really an oogonium

Question 44

Polysiphonia triphasic phases

After fertilization, the __________ begins its development and the cycle continues.

Answer 44

carposporophyte