THE RED AND BROWN ALGAE Flashcards

1
Q

proposed phylogenetic classification puts the brown algae under

A

Clade Stramenopila

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2
Q

group of the diatoms, golden brown algae, brown algae and water molds for their presence of hairy flagella,

A

Supergroup Chromalveolata

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3
Q

comprise the most anatomically and
morphologically complex of all algae

A

brown algae

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4
Q

Majority of brown algae habitat

A

cold marine waters with only a few inhabiting warm water habitats

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5
Q

They differ from green algae and true plants in

A

having chlorophylls a and c and large amounts of a variety of xanthophyll pigments such as fucoxanthin, violaxanthin and diatoxanthin. Carotenes are also present.

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6
Q

brown algae can carry on photosynthesis at varied levels in the ocean

A

true

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7
Q

All brown algae are multicellular and exhibit alternation of haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte generations.

A

true

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8
Q

retain its group under Clade Rhodophyta

A

red algae (Division Rhodophyta)

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9
Q

considered closest relatives of land plants along with the green algae.

A

red algae (Division Rhodophyta)

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10
Q

are best known for the complexity of their life cycles

A

red algae (Division Rhodophyta)

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11
Q

Most red algae have three multicellular phases:

A

a haploid gametophyte and two diploid sporophytes

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12
Q

a multicellular diploid generation found in plants and algae that undergo alternation of generations.

A

sporophyte

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13
Q

vast majority of red algae are multicellular, filamentous,
membranous or foliaceous

Only a few unicellular species have ever been discovered.

A

true

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14
Q

pigments give red algae their red or pink color

A

Phycobilins and carotenoids

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15
Q

Not all red algae, however, are red. Species that do not contain as much accessory pigments are often blue-green or olive in color.

A

true

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16
Q

Many red algae species also form layers of ______ in their cell walls.
They are the coralline algae and are important in reef building.

A

calcium carbonate

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17
Q

They are the __________ and are important in reef building

A

coralline algae

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18
Q

brown algae

dichotomously branched seaweed is attached to the rocks of the intertidal
zone by a holdfast. The flattened plant body possesses a prominent “midrib” and air bladders. Two kinds of tips are often found. The vegetative tip is flattened and resembles the rest of the thallus. The reproductive tip is enlarged and contains several structures.

19
Q

reproductive tips, enlarged and contains several structures

A

receptacles

20
Q

receptacles contain various cavities called

open to the outside environment through ostioles.

A

conceptacles

21
Q

The conceptacles may contain only oogonia, only antheridia
or both, depending on the species.

22
Q

(oogonia and antheridia)

A

gametangia

23
Q

gametangia are interspersed among sterile filaments called

A

paraphyses

24
Q

brown algae
are among the species making up the kelp forest

25
plant-like body has three main parts in laminaria:
holdfast stipe blades
26
root-like plant-like body part anchors the thallus to the substrate
holdfast
27
stem-like, often hollow stalk called
stipe
28
provide most of the surface area for photosynthesis
blades
29
Laminaria stipe has an outer layer called both meristematic and photosynthetic.
both meristematic and photosynthetic.
30
cortex of ______ cells lies next to the meristoderm of laminaria
parenchyma
31
composed of photosynthetic cells and mucilage ducts, each of which is surrounded by secretory cells in laminaria
meristoderm
32
The central region of the meristoderm is composed of__________ that have pores in their end walls and temporarily function like sieve tube members.
trumpet cells
33
fertile area that produce motile, haploid spores known as zoospores in laminaria
sporangia
34
motile, haploid spores germinate into either male or female filamentous gametophytes heteromorphic alternation of generation is exhibited.
zoospores
35
when there is a haploid gametophyte in one generation and a diploid sporophyte in another generation. Both the generations are different from each other, morphologically and genetically.
heteromorphic alternation of generation
36
Red Algae filamentous body organization evolved a triphasic life history
Polysiphonia
37
Brown Algae representatives
Sargassum, Padina, Turbinaria, Dictyota
38
Red Algae representatives
Halymenia, Gracilaria, Galaxaura, Actinotrichia, Amphiroa, Kappaphycus
39
Polysiphonia first of triphasic phases is the diploid ____________ that develops from the base of the carpogonium after fertilization.
carposporophyte
40
Polysiphonia triphasic phases A series of cellular duplications produce filaments that are densely packed with protoplasm that probably nourishes the developing _______.
carposporophyte
41
Polysiphonia triphasic phases The carposporophyte produces the ________ that germinates into the tetrasporophyte.
carpospore
42
Polysiphonia triphasic phases forms tetraspores that germinate into the gametophyte
tetrasporophyte
43
Polysiphonia triphasic phases gametophyte produces
spermatangiumand the carpogonium, which is really an oogonium
44
Polysiphonia triphasic phases After fertilization, the __________ begins its development and the cycle continues.
carposporophyte