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LBBBI12 > THE GREEN ALGAE > Flashcards

THE GREEN ALGAE Flashcards

1
Q

green algae
Supergroup
Clade
Division

A

(Supergroup Archaeplastida, Clade Chlorophyta, Division Chlorophyta

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2
Q

are considered most
advanced among algae and most closely related to land plants.

A

green algae

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3
Q

Asexual reproduction may be by

A

fission (splitting), fragmentation or by formation of zoospores (motile spores).

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4
Q

Sexual reproduction is very common and may be (3)

A

isogamous
anisogamous
oogamous

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5
Q

gametes both motile and same size

A

isogamous

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6
Q

both motile and different sizes - female bigger

A

anisogamous

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7
Q

female non-motile and egg-like; male motile

A

oogamous

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8
Q

some green algae may have an alternation of haploid and diploid phases.

A

true

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9
Q

haploid phases form gametangia
diploid phases form zoospores by reduction division

A

true

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10
Q

green algae can grow even in snow and produce blooms known as the

A

watermelon snow

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11
Q

8,000 species of green algae, of which only about 1000 species are in marine waters, the rest in freshwater habitats.

A

true

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12
Q

is a unicellular motile green alga that inhabit freshwater habitats.
Reproduction in this organism is done both sexually and asexually.

A

Chlamydomonas

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13
Q

Chlamydomonas has the following
major parts:

A

cellulosic cell wall, the central nucleus, one cup-shaped chloroplast, the eyespot, the pyrenoid
(starch body in the lower part of the chloroplast), contractile vacuole, mitochondria and two anterior flagella.

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14
Q

Chlamydomonas Asexual reproduction is through production of ________ that develop into gametes in response to adverse environmental conditions.

A

biflagellated zoospores

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15
Q

represents the peak of evolutionary development of the colonial motile type of green algae.

The coordinated movement of the
flagella of all cells allows the entire colony to behave like one individual organism, moving forward as it also spins in a vertical axis. The colony varies from spherical to ovoid. A gelatinous envelope holds all cells together.

A

Volvox

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16
Q

The number of cells in the colonies of various species of _______ ranges from 500 to 50,000.

A

Volvox

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17
Q

shows some specialization and division of labor among the cells.

A

Volvox

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18
Q

__________cells occur at the base or hind end of the colony while the forward or leading end has only _________cells.

A

Reproductive cells

vegetative cells

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19
Q

in the vegetative cells are
larger than those of the reproductive cells.

A

Eyespots

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20
Q

Sexual reproduction in volvox

A

oogamous

21
Q

Male gametes are formed in large
numbers by multiple subdivisions of the protoplasts of certain adult vegetative cells. These cells are the

A

antheridia

22
Q

Only one or a very few of them are formed within any one parent volvox
cell.

A

female gamete, the egg

23
Q

which result from either sexual or asexual reproduction are usually seen floating in the center of the larger parent colony. volvox

A

Small daughter colonies

24
Q

daughter colonies of volvox are called

A

gonidia

25
Q

each cell of the volvox colony is Chlamydomonas-like.

A

true

26
Q

volvox

When the parent colony disintegrates, the _________ are released and become mature colonies.

A

daughter colonies (gonidia)

27
Q

filamentous green alga named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts.

A

Spirogyra

28
Q

Cells of Spirogyraa contain one to several spiral, ribbon-like and parietal ______, containing row of conspicuous
_____________

A

chloroplasts
pyrenoids

29
Q

Spirogyra Reproduction is by conjugation between two adjoined filaments called

A

scalariform or ladder-like conjugation

30
Q

Spirogyra Reproduction is by conjugation between cells of the same filament

A

lateral or side conjugation

31
Q

2 Spirogyra Reproduction

A

lateral or side conjugation

scalariform or ladder-like conjugation

32
Q

explain conjugation

A

The contents of one cell flow or are squeezed through connective tube to unite with the contents of the other cell. The resulting zygote forms a thick walled, sometimes much decorated, zygospore, which lies dormant before it generates into a
new filament.

33
Q

simple, unbranched filamentous green alga that reproduces by oogamy.

Cells in the filament are
mostly elongated. The chloroplast is reticulate, that is, in a delicate meshwork. Pyrenoids are located at the intersections of the reticulum. You can see the scattered dark bodies in the cell. The nucleus is usually centrally placed. A holdfast is present in some species.

A

Oedogonium

34
Q

among the elongated vegetative
cells in the filament are groups of smaller disc-like cells. Each of the short disc-like cells is an

A

antheridium

35
Q

Each antheridium form two protoplasts. After release, these protoplasts become _____

A

sperm

36
Q

They are small, ovoid cells with a ring of flagella at one end. antheridium

A

sperm

37
Q

is a single cell whose entire protoplast has become a large, globose opaque egg. It has a fertilization pore through which a sperm cell can enter to fertilize the egg. Oedogonium

A

oogonium

38
Q

After fertilization, the zygote remains within the oogonium. It develops a thick wall, goes dormant and is known as an____. Oedogonium

A

oospore

39
Q

As the filament decays, the oospore
is released but remains dormant for several months. Oedogonium

A

true

40
Q

Later the oospore divides by meiosis to ___________. These have a ring of flagella at one end. They resemble sperm but are larger cells. They swim about and later each grows into new filaments. Oedogonium

A

four haploid zoospores

41
Q

unicellular or filamentous green algae whose cells are divided into two symmetrical portions (semi
cells)

the content only of the cells is symmetrically divided and there
is no median constriction. The wall is complex in its ornamentations, spines, granules and other decorations. There
may be mucilage pores in the wall and the cells are often enclosed in a wide sheath of mucilage.

A

Desmids

42
Q

Desmidsusually with a conspicuous constriction at the mid-region, The wall is in two sections that meet
and slightly overlap at the

A

isthmus

43
Q

common representative of desmids

A

Cosmarium and Closterium

44
Q

a charophyte, represents the most advanced group of green algae.

has a stem-like body divided into
nodes and internodes, with whorls of branches arising at internodes

body is several cells thick, composed of true parenchyma tissue derived from cell division of the apical meristem.

A

Chara

45
Q

Although chara features seem to
correspond to those of flowering plants, virtually all of the resemblance is spurious, because the earliest vascular land plants had no nodes, internodes or branches. The ultrastructural and morphological data suggest that the Charophytes are a paraphyletic assemblage.

A

true

46
Q

The egg and sperm cells in chara are protected by a

A

sterile jacket of cells.

47
Q

in chara, the egg is formed within a structure called ________, the sperms in the _______.

A

nucule

globule

48
Q

macroscopic specimens of green algae

A

Acetabularia, Caulerpa spp, Halimeda spp, Enteromorpha, Ulva

LBBBI12 (8 decks)

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