The Real Test #3 Flashcards
Define Inflections
Grammatical markers attached to words to indicate tense, gender, number & the like, such as use of “ed” to mark past tense.
Define class inclusion
understanding that subordinate classes are included in larger, superordinate classes
3rd stage of cognitive development, during which children construct schemes that enable them to think logically about objects and events in the real world
Concrete Operational Stage
thinking that takes multiple variables into account
decentration
understanding that both physical actions and mental operations can be reversed
reversibility
a type of reasoning in which general principles are inferred from specific experiences
inductive logic
a type of reasoning, based on hypothetical premises, that requires predicting a specific outcome from a general principle
deductive logic
attachment of regular inflections to irregular words, such as the substitution of goed for went
overregularization
Positive statements about the underlying cause for helpful behaviour
Attributions
behaviour intended to injure another person or damage an object
Aggression
Aggression aimed at damaging another person’s self-esteem or peer relationships, such as by ostracism or threats of ostracism, cruel gossiping, or facial expressions of disdain
Relational Aggression
Aggression to get back at someone who has hurt you
Retaliatory Aggression
behaviour intended to help another person
prosocial behaviour
child’s ability to conform to parental standards of behaviour without direct supervision
self-regulation
Characteristics of Rejected Children–WITHDRAWN
- different from peers
- shy
- highly creative
- disliked by peers
Characteristics of Rejected Children–AGGRESSIVE
- disruptive
- uncooperative
- believe their peers like them
A global evaluation of one’s own worth
Self-Esteem
the ratio of mental age to chronological age; also, a general term for any kind of score derived from an intelligence test
IQ (Intelligence quotient)
A term Piaget used to describe the phenomenon wherein it took children some years to apply their new cognitive skills to all kinds of problems.
horizontal decalage
A type of reasoning in which general principles are inferred from specific experiences
Inductive Logic
A set of mental schemes, including reversibility, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and serial ordering, that enable children to understand relations among objects.
Concrete operations
The understanding that both physical actions and mental operations can go not only forward, but also in the other direction.
Reversibility
A type of reasoning based on hypothetical premises that requires predicting a specific outcome from a general principle
Deductive Logic
The understanding that matter can change in appearance without changing in quantity
Conservation