The Racial state 1933-1941

Question 1

Asocial

Answer 1

Anyone who didnt fit in with the Volk- alcoholics,beggars, delinquents,gypsies,homosexuals, Jehovahs Witnesses

Question 2

Vagrant policies 1933

Answer 2

• half a million vagrants were wither given work or imprisoned and marked out by black triangles
  -thousands were sent to concentration camps where they died

Question 3

Policies for homosexuals

Answer 3

1934- The Gestapo ordered to local police forces to keep lists of homosexuals
1935- Legal definition of criminal homosexual acts now covered intent or thought

Question 4

Reich Central Office for Combating Homosexuality and Abortion formed

Answer 4

1936

Question 5

All homosexual SS officers were sent to concentration camps and shot

Answer 5

1937

Question 6

The Gestapo ordered convicted homosexuals be sent to concentration camps

Answer 6

1938

Question 7

How many men were arrested 1993-45

Answer 7

100,000 men- up to 15,000 sent to concentration camps

Question 8

Policies for the gypsies

Answer 8

The Decree for the Struggle against the Gypsy Plague 1938
Gypsies were sent to camps before being expelled to Poland- 11,000-20,000 gassed

Question 9

Law for sterilisation

Answer 9

1933- Law on the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring

Question 10

How many were sterlilised 1933-35

Answer 10

350,000
By 1939- policy included forced euthanasia

Question 11

When was t4 established

Answer 11

1939- murrder disabled children- then extended to adults
200,000 were murdered by 1944

Question 12

Boycott of Jewish businnesses and shops

Answer 12

April 1933- channel unrest by SA and more radical Nazis wanting NSDAP’s 25 points enacted

Question 13

A law for civil service

Answer 13

Law for the Restoration of the Civil Service excluded Jews from the civil service

Question 14

Nuremburg Laws

Answer 14

1935- announced after pressure from Gauleiters and radical NSDAP members wanting 25 points enacted, including Jews losing citizenship

Question 15

what was stated in the nuremburg laws

Answer 15

-Law for protection of German blood and german honour(mixed marriages and sexual relations between Jews and Aryans forbidden)
-Reich citizenship law( deprived jews of German citizenship)
-Law for the Protection of Genetic health( Certificates of fitness to marry required, including medical examination)

Question 16

Himmler Jewish emigration 1936

Answer 16

• Himmler was put in charge- preffered policy of dealing with the Jewish question at the time

Question 17

Violent speech at Buremburg attacking Jews

Answer 17

Sep 1937- Hitler

Question 18

Anschluss 1938

Answer 18

Unification with Austria
45000 Jews emigrated after surrendering their property

Question 19

Radicalisation

Answer 19

• All jewish property worth over 5000 reichsmarks
  -Jewish professionals could no longer have Aryan patients
  -Jews must add Sarah or Israel to their names and J stamped on their ID cards
  -Taxing Jewish religious associations, restricting Jewish business activities
  -Expulsion of Russian Jews and Polish Jews from Germany

Question 20

Impact of Anschluss

Answer 20

• How much was to be gained from the Aryanisation of Jewish propety
  -The mass population did not resist ant-Semitism

Question 21

Kristallnacht 1938

Answer 21

-Assassination of a German by a Jew in Paris
-Jews homes, over 7,500 businesses and 267 synanagogues were attacked
91 Jews were murdered across Germany
Over 20,000 Jews were arrested and sent to camps

Question 22

Consequences of Kristallnacht

Answer 22

• Government blamed the Jews anc charged the community 1 billion reichsmarks for the damage
  -More anti-Jewish decrees excluded Jews from economic activities
  -Decrees also banned Jews from schools, universities, cinemas and sports

Question 23

How many Jews left in 1933

Answer 23

33,000

Question 24

How many jews left by November 1938

Answer 24

150,000
Many jews, particularly members of the older generations, refused to leave Germany

Question 25

Central Office for Jewish Emigration

Answer 25

1938- 45,000 Austrian Jews were compelled to emigrate by the Nazis

Question 26

Nazis invasion of Poland

Answer 26

1939- Poland was spliy into 3 parts( east was controlled by the USSR, the west was controlled by Germany, centre was controlled by the Gernal Government)

Question 27

General Government

Answer 27

Jewish pop in Poland - 3,115,000 - The Nazis wanted to push all the Jews into the area controlled by the General Gov- conditions in this area were terrible, most Jews lived in ghettos -The GG couldnt cope with the thousands of Jews being sent to them- pressure the Nazis to kill Jews

Question 28

Madagascar Plan

Answer 28

- 4 mill jews sent- hoped the Jews would be out of the way and would eventually die off -However it was not feasible because the British navy could block the route

Question 29

Siberia plan

Answer 29

- Following the failure of the Madagascar initiative, Siberia was proposes as an alternative destination- depended on Germany conquering the USSR

Question 30

Poland pop

Answer 30

1939- Germany invaded Poland- it killed thousands of Polish jews BY end of WW2- 90% of the Jewish pop in Poland were killed

Question 31

The Einsatzgruppen

Answer 31

-Nazi paranilitary death squads- under the control of Himmler -In charge of murdering the Jewish pop in countries Germany invaded -Techniques included mass shootings, beatings and burnings

Question 32

Establishing ghettos

Answer 32

- Built in response to local circumstances -First one was created in 1939 -In warsaw the ghetto was 15% of the citys housing stock but housed a third of the citys population -Jews leaving the ghetto without permission could be executed They were overcrowded, short of food, disease, starvation

Question 33

Who were in control of ghettoes

Answer 33

- Run by Nazi appointed Jewish councils and Jewish police force

Question 34

Initial plan of emigration

Answer 34

- Force mass migration of Jews - However this would not be feasible so deportations to death camps began

Question 35

Mass murder of Jews before 1941

Answer 35

- 700,000 Jews had been killed in German-controlled territory, mainly by mass shootings

Question 36

Deportations

Answer 36

1941 onwards - mass deportations of Jews began German Jews were sent to Eastern Europe camps eg. Chelmno

Question 37

When was the first mass gassing

Answer 37

December 1941 at Chelmo camp- 60% of all Jews were killed by gassing in WW2

Question 38

Hanoverian newspaper in 1942

Answer 38

'The Jews to be exterminated'