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The Nazi dictatorship 1933-1939 Flashcards

1
Q

New Peoples Courts and Special courts created

A

March 1933

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2
Q

Oath of loyalty

A

October 1933- lawyers had to join the German Lawyers Front and swear loyalty to Hitler

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3
Q

Law for the Official reform of the Civil service

A

April 1933- Jews and political apponents were removed from courts, education and the civil service

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4
Q

Nov 1933 elections

A

nazis-92%

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5
Q

Law for the Reconstruction of the State

A

January 1924- elected state assemblies dissolved. Reich governors were created and Nazi Gauleiters often appointed

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6
Q

Trade unions abolished

A

May 1934

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7
Q

Night of the Long Knives

A

29th June-July 2nd 1934 - purge of Hitlers SA and key political opponents- replacement of the SA with the SS
- 90 opponents of Hitler were murdered, including over 50 SA leaders

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8
Q

Motives behind the N of the LK

A
  • Goering led Hitler to belive Rohm was planning a coup
  • Rohm had spoken of a second revolution- Hitler feared an elite backlash
    -Papen had publicly criticised the SA, with Hindenburgs approval
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9
Q

Impact of the N of the LK

A

3 July 1934- Hitler passed a law legalising the actions having gained acceptance of his actions and legalised the murders of his opponents
- The SS became independent of the SA and under Hitlers personal command

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10
Q

Fuhrer

A

2 August 1934- Hitler passed a law in order to merge the offices of President and Chancellor into Fuhrer

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11
Q

Hindenburgs death

A

2nd August 1934- Hitler became Fuhrer and as the head of the only political party allowed in Germany, all power was in his hands

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12
Q

German Armed Forces

A
  • Took an oath of loyalty to Hitler
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13
Q

The police

A

ORPO,KRIP,SIPO-Heydrich oversaw it and answered to Himmler

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14
Q

The SS

A

By 1939 the SS had 240,000 members- organised extermination camps and controlled much of Germanys conquered territories in ww2

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15
Q

Gestapo

A

-Investigated crimes against the Third Reich
-As racial legislation developed, the Gestapos role grew
-Relied heavily on informants and denunciations
-operated outside the legal system

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16
Q

SD

A

-Internal security or secret service
Heydrich and Himmler oversaw the SD

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17
Q

Protestant opposition

A
  • Confessional Church broke away from the Nazi Church
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18
Q

Catholic opposition

A
  • Galen criticisied the regime
    1937- The Pope publicly criticised Nazi government for breaking the concordact
    -Spoke out against key Nazi policies- sterilisation
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19
Q

Denunciations

A

50-80% investigations- spurious, personal grounds,based on grudges/jealousies rather than political accusations

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20
Q

Totalitarian

A
  • one party state with one fuhrer
    -Nazi influence was present in almost every aspect of daily life and society
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21
Q

Resistance to the Nazi regime

A

Very limited as most Germans supported it, or at least took no action against it

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22
Q

Amount of Gestapo officers

A

30,000 officers for 65,000,000

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23
Q

Propoganda

A

1- Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenement and Propoganda
2-Reich Chamber of Culture
3- Central Propaganda Office

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24
Q

Form of prop- radio

A

1934- unified German radio system and purged it of all the usual undesirable elements
By 1939- 70% of German households owned one

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25
Form of prop-printed word
- Book burning RMVP controlled content through the Press Agency
26
Form of prop-arts
- Lanscapes often showed rural Volk and the land they worked 'Blood and Soil'
27
Sports
1936 Berlin Olympics were an international propoganda oppurtunity
28
Form of prop- films
1/6 of feature films were propoganda
29
Economic aims
- Cut employment -Avoid inflation -reduce Germanys balance of trade deficit( importing more than exporting) -increase demand
30
Industrial production by 1934
From 66 in 1928 to 107%
31
Unemployment rates in Hitlers reign
Fell from 5,6 mil to 1,6 mill and Real wages rose by about 7.5%
32
Increasing demand
- State intervention was used to create jobs -Hitler extended the existing programmes of motorway and house building -Government grants and tax concessions
33
The new plan 1924
- imports had to be approved by the government before importers could buy foregin currency established bilateral treaties with Balkan countries who were an important source of raw materials
34
deficit financing
-Nazis used loans to create jobs and stimulate demand- avoided inflation by setting wage and price controls
35
Schachts economic aims
- Maintain economic growth -Develop the Wehrwirtschaft( defence economy) to prepare Germant for war -avoid inflation
36
Autarky
-required Germany producing its own important commodities so that it wasnt reliant on imports
37
problems with the new plan
- Balance of trade deficit increasing - Continued high levels of government spending on rearmament was causing the governments debt to increase too -Other sectors of the economy was being ignored
38
Schachts clash with Hitler
- Schacht was worried that rearmament was distorting the economy- too much emphasis and not enough on consumer spending - Hitler set up the office of the 4yr plan and put Goering in charge
39
Aim of Goerings 4year plan
- Make Germany ready for war - Rearmamemnt and autarky in food and industrial production -Developing raw materials and machinery
40
Office of the 4 year plan
- Controlled issues regulations-Foreign exchange, raw materials, labour
41
Economic targets in 1939
- Imported 1/3 of its raw materia;s -Self sufficient -Imported 43% of fats
42
Economic targets in 1942
- Oil was at 45% of its target -Hard coal was at 79% of its target -Steel was at 85% of its target
43
Gleichshaltung
- Part of the Reich Economic Chamber - Businesses faced controlled trade, foreign exchange -Trade unions had been abolished and replaced with DAF - Reich Food estate- increased production - arable farmers and reducing fertiliser prices
44
Law to Protect Retail Trade
1933- this taxed large stores and banned new department stores
45
Impact of Nazi policies on businesses
Government policy favoured large scale manufacturing in industries connected rather than consumer goods- IG Farben Over 300,000 small businesses went bankrupt
46
Bilateral trade deals
1934- meet German import requirements helped with foreign trade
47
Impact of Nazi policy on agriculture
By 1938- food imports were down 20% -Rural population fell from 21% to 18% as people left the countryside for factories
48
Reich entailed farm law
small farms (18-30 acres) could not be sold or mortgaged and had to be handed on to one person
49
Coal and steel
- Relations were hostile -Industrialists who opposed self-sufficiency were charged with sabotage
50
IG Farben
- experimented with synthetic and rubber -given over 50% the government investment -produced gas for extermination camps
51
Consumer goods
- Schacht , some industrialists and many in the military wanted more stress on consumer goods, increasing german exports
52
1939 key statistics
- Unemployment was less than 0.2 million - Real wages 7% higher than in 1936 -Industrial production was 25% on 1928 -High government expenditure
53
Negative impacts of economy
- 300,000 small bysinesses had gone bankrupt -Women who lost jobs in professional services
54
Youth aims
- Produce a new German citizen -Indoctrinate children with Nazi ideals
55
Education
1936- 2 hour PE a day NAPOLAs- special leadership schools established 1933 for boys aged 10-18
56
Teachers
1936- 30% of teachers were NSDP members - Teachers were pressured to join the National Socialist Teachers League 1935- all university teachers signed a decleration supporting Hitler and the nazi regime
57
Youth groups
Girls- 10-14 Young girls, 14-18 League of German Girls 18-21 Faith and Beauty Boys- 6-10 Pimpfen, 10-14 Young German Boys, 14-18 Hitler Youth
58
Women
NSF- Nazi policy Reich Mothers Service- pregnant women and young mothers including unmarried DFW - mothers school Gertrud Scholtz Link was the leader of all Nazi womens organisations
59
Law for the reduction of unemployment
1933- marriage loans
60
Womens ban from civil service and medical jobs
1933
61
Women were banned from being lawyers or judges
1936
62
University places for women were restricted to
10%
63
Law for the Encouragement of Marriage gave newly-weds loans
1933
64
divorce made easier
1938- aim of freeing unproductive couples to find partners with whom to have children
65
Other policies to increase Aryan births
- contraception restricted -penalties for abortion -Educating girls to be mothers- Motherhood Cross
66
Lebensborn programme
1935- places where Aryan women could become pregnant by SS men
67
Forces sterilisation of asocials
January 1934
68
Blood protection law
October 1935- prevented marriages of an aryan to a jew, black person or gypsy 'Fitness to marry' certificates were also required
69
DAF
- represnted all workers and employers in one national organisation Membership rose from 5mil in 1933 to 22 mill in 1939 AIM- for workers and employers to work together to achieve Volksgemeinschaft
70
KDF
Strength through Joy- improve workers fitness and morale through subsided leisure activities including holidays
71
SDA
Beauty of work- improve working conditions
72
RAD
Reich Labour Service- from June 1935 males 18-25 must serve 6 months for the community 1939- extended to women
73
Councils of Trust
1934- discussed workers safety and welfare, workplace productivity
74
Religion
Protestant 60% Catholic 40%
75
All church youth groups banned and parents faced pressure not to send their children to faith schools
1936
76
German Faith movement
1939- 3,5 million members- urging Germans to leave the Church
77
The confessional church breaks away from the reich
1934
78
Protestant arrests
800 were arrested, 50 had long prison sentences for opposition
79
Concordat
July 1933- Vatican promised not to interfere in the politics, The Nazis not to interfere in Church issyes
80
Break of Concordat
1937- papal encyclical was smuggled into Germany and read from pulpits
81
Achieve Volksgemeinschcaft
-Unified community( blood, politically, socially)

Germany (6 decks)

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