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The Golden Age 1924-1928 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the rentenmark replaced with

A

Reichsmark in 1924

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2
Q

Dawes Plan

A

Stresemann- reperation would be 1,000 million marks, after 5yrs it would rise to 2,500 million- Germany was given an 800mil mark loan to help stabilise the currency

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3
Q

Young Plan

A

-Reduce the amount of reperations by 20%- did not come to fruition because of the Wall street crash- allies agreed to end the occupation of the Rhineland early

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4
Q

When was the wall street crash

A

1929

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5
Q

Agriculture

A
  • Lost 15^ of its pre war agricultural production
    Agricultural prices fell sharply between 1927 and 1929- output was less than 75% of 1913 levels by 1929
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6
Q

The need for agricultural modernisations

A
  • Food imports were too low for German farmers to compete- needed to improve productivity and invest in machinery
    -Protectionist tarriffs on importants to increase the price of food from other countries
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7
Q

Industry

A

-Bankruptcies increased because inefficient firms costs were too high- rose from 5,700-31,000 in 18 months 1925-27
-There was rationalisation and cartelisation- IG Farben (chemical companies)and Krupp(secretly supplied the German army in contravention of Versailles)
- Real wages grew every year and unemployment did not fall

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8
Q

8 hour days

A
  • Ended in 1928
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9
Q

When did industrial production grow?

A

1924-29 with a blip in 1926 and by 1929 exports were increasing

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10
Q

What did unemployment not fall below

A

6%

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11
Q

National Welfare decree

A

1924, program of public assistance

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12
Q

National unemployment welfare scheme

A

1927- 17 million workers- sacking of pregnant woman was banned. Only women in domestic service, agriculture and very small companies were exempt

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13
Q

Education policies

A

-Elite preparatory schools abolished- 4 year basic schools
-200 exoerimental schools banned corporal punishment and grades

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14
Q

Impact of education policies

A
  • Religious educational pressure groups- Protestant Parents league
  • 1921-1927, students in state elementary schools dropped by about a third
    -Percentage of women attending went from 7% to 17% by 1932
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15
Q

Cost of welfare reforms

A

-Nearly 40% spending went on war related pensions
-led to high tax of wealthier germans

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16
Q

New expressions

A

Art, Literature, Music, Theatre, Film, Architecture

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17
Q

Weimar Culture

A

-more liberal and influenced by Western countries such as America

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18
Q

Conservative response to Weimar Culture

A
  • reinforcing their fears of a world in decay
  • Nationalist parties spoke of morality , family values and traditional German culture
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19
Q

Law to Protect Youth from Pulp Fiction and Pornography

A

1926

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20
Q

Article 118

A

No censorship

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21
Q

Workers lifestyles

A
  • unemployment remained over 6%
    -overall living standards improved
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22
Q

Housing

A

1924-1931- 2 million new homes were built and almost 200,000 improved
Homelessness reduced
Government made low interest loans available

23
Q

Womens lifestyles

A

Equal voting rights
41 women were elected as representatives in the Reichstag
In 1925- 36% of German workers were women
‘New Woman’

24
Q

SPD

A
  • Did not attract the middle classes- 1920s- took over 20% of the vote
    May 1928-30%
  • Supported the Weimar Republic
25
Zentrum
- Protect Catholic interests -40% of the Catholic vote -Supported Weimar Republic- but wide range of opinion -Usually 15% of the vote From 1928 it moved more to the rights
26
DDP
-liberal- middle class vote -less than 10% of the vote in elections
27
DVP
Liberal- protestant upper middle class - After Stresemann died in 1929 the party moved to the right and became openly hostile to the Weimar Republic
28
KPD
- Revolutionary- anti-weimar republic 10-15% of the votes in elections - Dominated by the USSR and hostile to the SPD
29
DNVP
- Main conservative party 10-15% of the vote Represented interests of industrialists and large landowners
30
25 Point programme
Hitlers key ideas focused on Darwinism- unity of all Germans as a master race - Anti-Semitism and anti-Marxism
31
Nazi success between 1924-29
May 1924- gained 6.5% of the vote and 12 Reichstag members May 1928-2.6% -Collaborated with the DNVP in early 30%
32
When did Ebert die and who replaced him?
1925- Hindenburg- won by 3 %
33
Hindenburg
monarchist, not a republican, not commited to democracy, he attracted political groups who wanted an authoritarian system
34
National elections 1924-1933
- In the second half of the 1920s there was growth in support of pro-Weimar Republc parties -Between this time there were 10 new coaliton governments
35
Attitudes of the middle class
- middle class professionals did not benefit from rising wages in industry and they didnt benefit from the welfare state
36
Attitudes of the working class
40% of the electorate were working class -Agricultural labourers did not tend to vote SPD or KPD
37
How many votes were needed for a political party to get a deputy into the Reichstag
60,000
38
When did Stresemann become Germany's foreign secretary
November 1923-1929
39
Stresemanns aims
- Fulfilment- upholding Versailles until Germany could renegotiate parts of it - Satisfying French/Belgian concerns -Ending the foreign occupation of German territory -Regaining Germanys status -Cooperating with the USA for economic gain -Building links with the USSR who welcomed diplomatic relations with Germany
40
Locarno Pact
1925- Germany, France, Belgium, Italy and the UK - Accepted its borders in the west but didnt accept its borders in the East- signed arbitration treaties with Poland and Czech - Meant that they couldn't use invasion and force as a method of foreign policy, except in self-defense
41
League of Nations
1926- welcomed with great power state , wasnt allowed to join before. This meant it was on the council and had power of veto
42
Treaty of Berlin
1926- confirmed Treaty of Rapallo- established full diplomatic relations between Germany and the USSR- cooperate over economic matters - Both countries agreed to wipe out any war debts or claims of reparations
43
Secret terms of the Treaty of Berlin
- military cooperation- allowed Germany to circumvent some of the military restrictions imposed by Versailles ] -USSR allowed Germany to train troops there and also to develop forbidden aircraft and tanks on Soviet soil -German officers helped train the Red Army
44
Kellogg-Briand Pact
1928- Germany and 70 other countries signed- renounced in use of force
45
Result of the Locarno Pact
Allies agreed to leave the part of the Rhineland around Cologne by December 1925
46
Right wing dissatisfaction
- The German right wing was dissatisfied with Stresemann's achievement - They wanted a total end to foreign occupation of Germany immediately and to re arm
47
Mullers Grand Coaliton
1928-censorship/equality of the state
48
Luther 1st coalition
1925- falls as DNVP pulls out, over the Locarno Pact
49
Article 155
Securing housing
50
Losses of coal/steel and iron
20%
51
Luthers 2nd Coalition
Falls over flying the old imperial flsg
52
Berlin Britz development
designed to create a community/increase of wages in order to get up property ladder
53
Carabet Culture
centered around night clubs,free space for sexual identification and gender identity, entertainment

Germany (6 decks)

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