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Psyc 305 > the Psychoanylytic Approach > Flashcards

the Psychoanylytic Approach Flashcards

Lecture 3 + 4

1
Q

back story to Freud

A

20th century
Viennese Neurologist
- he trained as a medical doc but was more interested in research & the mind
- worked with Breuer -> both developed “Talking Cure”

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2
Q

what did Charcot do?

A

studied mass hysteria (now called conversion disorder) & influenced Breuer and Freud

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3
Q

describe steps to the Talking Cure

A

Step 1: Hypnotize patient, or allow for free association
Step 2: Talk with patient to reveal psychological anxiety/neurosis
Step 3: Patient has “catharsis”—insight into psychological problem
Step 4: Physical symptom disappears

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4
Q

Bio cause of hysteria?

remember woman paralyzed w/ no bio problems

A

The emotional centers of the brain activated
– Inhibit motor centers of the brain from coordinating movement

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5
Q

what are the 3 Psychoanylytic assumptions of freud?

A
  1. Psychological Determinism
  2. importance of the unconscious
  3. defence mechanisms
  4. importance of early childhood experiences
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6
Q

what are the 3 levels of consciousness? Explain each

A
  • pre-conscious (accessible
  • conscious (thinking abt rn)
  • unconscious (repressed)
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7
Q

where do the Id, Ego and Superego fall in unconsiousand unconscious?

A

ego- mostly conscious
superego- somewhat conscious
Id- unconscious

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8
Q

Who is Carl Jung?

A

Freud’s student who believed in 2 types of unconscious

personal unconscious- Freudian unconscious

collective unconscious- instinctive fears, evolutionary theory (unconscious passed down thru ancestors) ie fear of darkness, insects, etc

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9
Q

describe the Id
when does it develop? what does it conrtrol?

A

develops in infancy
pleasure- immediate gratificatipn
drives & urges
primary process thinking (illogical)

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10
Q

What is the Ego? when does it develop?

A

age 2
constrains Id to reality
reality principle- postponed id impulses
secondary process thinking (problem solving)

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11
Q

Superego? When does it develop/ewhats it do?

A

age 5
internalized values, morality of parents & society
suilt, shame, pride (self-conscious emotions)
not bound for reality- sets higher standards

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12
Q

conflicts between the Id, Ego, Superego lead to what?

A

ANXIETY

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13
Q

what are the defence mechanisms used to cope with anxiety according to Freud?
RDRDRPS!

A

Repression
- pushed out of awareness
Freud thought sexual today we think childhood trauma
Denial
- convincing that neg event didnt happen
Rationalization
- creating logical reasons for behavior that was motivated by unconscious desires
Displacement
- taking it out on someone else
Reaction Formation
- to stifle unacceptable impulse, the opposide behaviors are displayed (ie homophobia? Maybe you’re gay!
Projection
- seeing ones own unacceptable qualities inaothers & disliking htem for posessing those qualities

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14
Q

what has freud contributed to Psychological science & personality research?

A

talking cure- “free association” & “stream of consciousness”
mind-body connection
unconscious influences on behavior
case study method

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15
Q

Discuss Contemporary views of Repression

A

debate of whether we should validate previously unconscious memories of abuse
- courage to heal vs false memory syndrome (were able to have ppl remember)
- mental health of some imporved following recovered memories (some with drugs- ayahuasca & Psylocybin)

However, often, traumatic events cannot be repressed

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16
Q
  1. Cognative View of Unconscious
A

there’s an unconscious… 2 views
Motivated: we burry hidden needs/desires in the unconscious
Cognitive: perceived information may become unconscious & influence us, but it is not “buried”; it is in the pre-conscious

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17
Q

How does Subliminal Priming relate to cognitive unconscious?

A

subliminal priming occurs when we are not consciously aware that a stimulus is presented, but our unconscious may receive it, and it can influence us

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18
Q

what are some examples of Subliminal Priming?

A

Lipton Iced Tea- primed with tea or nonsense words -> more likely to buy tea if thirsty
Ad’s on TV

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19
Q
  1. Ego Psychology
A

Anna Freud & Erik Erikson
focused on the conscious views of the self & the strengths of self-consciousness

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20
Q

How did Eriksons 8 states of development differ/relate from Freuds?

A

cover the entire lifespan, allow for development in adulthood,

similar: each stage had conflict, failure to resolve conflict -> fixation/crisis

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21
Q
  1. Narcissims
    define the narcissistic paradox
A

ppl who seemingly think they’re great may feel insecure underneath

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22
Q

Who were Echo and Narcissus?

A

Echo- a beautiful god & narcissus was too infactuated with his own reflection to notice her

23
Q

what are some DSM characteristics of narcissism?

A

grandiosity, dominance, entitlement, superiority

24
Q

in non-clinical cases, what does narcissism look like?

A

excessively positive view of self accompanied by a nagative view of others
- bragging, egotism, superiority, derogation of others, entitlement

25
Q

who are some famous examples of narcissists?

A

Arnold Schwarzenegger
Armans Hammer

26
Q

what are some causes of narcissism?

A
  • over idealization/unrealistic standards set by parent
  • parents also criticize children for not meeting standards
27
Q

what is a Narcissistic Wound?

A

early humiliation experience
narcissists overcompensate for insecurities by self-aggrandizing

28
Q

what are the 2 types of Narcissists (as pathology)

A

Grandiose
Fragile

29
Q

Grandiose narcissists…

A

little empathy, critical of others, controlling, little psychological insight into own motives, privileged & entitled (appear to be)

30
Q

Fragile

A

feel unhappy/depressed/despondant, critical of others, anxious & envious, prone to painful feelings of emptiness, appears to feel privileged & entitled
tends to feel inferior, inadequate or a failure

31
Q
  1. Object Relations Theory (attachment) is…?
A

modern research on influence of childhood on adulthood relationships

32
Q

what does object relations theory focus on?

A

social relationships
origins of adult relationships in childhood
early bond w/ parents -> childs personality

33
Q

what were Harlows findings when studying attachment in monkeys?

A

they went to the cloth mom although the wire ‘mom’ was the one providing food & water

when deprived of real mothers -> anxious, insecure, abnormal sexuality

34
Q

Who related Harlow’s findings to humans?

A

Bowlby

35
Q

what did Ainsworths Strange Situation study?

A

how the child responds to being left with a friendly stranger for a few mins

36
Q

what were the different attachment styles identified in Ainsworths Strange Situation?

A

Secure, Avoidant (upon return), Anxious-Ambivalent (anxious thru procedure -> clingy & angry when return)

37
Q

what are the Adult attachments suggested by Hazan & Shaver?

A

Secure, Avoidant, Anxious-Ambivalent (preoccupied)

38
Q

what was the Stress Test Study (attachment styles)

A

told males must participate in the experiment w/ the “machine” & measured how females responded based on attachment styles
avoidant -> least support & even annoyed
secure females -> most support

39
Q

Attachment and Memory Study

A

participants watched someone discuss their breakup

avoidants -> didnt remember many details

Anxiously attached -> lots of details & even created false memories with additional details

40
Q

what did ther longitudinal study on relationship types show? (37 years!)

A

adults whose moms showed less sensitivity -> higher skin conductance response to conflicts with partner

41
Q

what did they find with attachment styles over the years? Anxious vs avoidant?

A

anxious that was high in adolescents & early adulthood declines

avoidant were more stable with small declines over lifespan

Secure relationships -> greater secure attachment

42
Q

can motives be unconscious?

A

yep!

43
Q

Hwo are motives a part of our personality?

A

we have differences in the strength of each motve
ie someone may be very motivated for achievement

44
Q

how do motives change over time?

A

they actually remain quite stable

45
Q

Who are 2 significant figures in the Humanistic Approach?

A

Rogers & Maslow

46
Q

Who Are the 3 M’s for Motive theories?

A

Murray
McClelland
McAdams

47
Q

what did Henry Murray do?

A

he created the first type of motivation theory & studies psychoanalysis with Jung (second part isnt as important)

48
Q

what were the basics of Henry Murray’s theory?

A

He outlined 11 ‘needs’ of a human being

i.e. Dominance, Achievement, Nurturance, Agression…

49
Q

define ‘Press’ and ‘Apperception’ according to Murray

A

Press: environment = important & needs are activated in specific contexts

Apperception = process in which we perceive the environment & is influenced by needs

50
Q

What did McClelland say abt Motives?

A

we have Implicit and Self-attributed (explicit) motives

He believed that out implicit motives affect long term outcomes ie Marriage, health, stable beliefs & career

and that explicit motives -> shorter-term behaviours such as performance on experimental tasks

51
Q

what were McClellands ‘Big 3’ Motives?

A

Achievement
Power
Affiliation (& Intimacy)

52
Q

What was McAdam’s take on Affiliation (thelast of McClellands ‘Big 3’)

A

he argued Intimacy was a greater motive than simple affiliation because better to have someone to turn to & have deep conversations

53
Q

How did McClellands TAT test work?

A

he believed that by looking at an image and coming up witha backstory to it, ones implicit/unconscious motives would be revealed

i.e. “she’s crying because he told her to leave him alone” represents a motive for intimacy

Psyc 305 (4 decks)

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