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Psyc 305 > M1- Lecture 1 & 2 > Flashcards

M1- Lecture 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The Royal Tennenbaums & Themes in Personality focis on what 4 points?

A
  1. individual differences
  2. motives, goals, emotions
  3. personality change and continuity over time
  4. childhood influence on adulthood
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2
Q

how can we describe personality? (5 elements) (DEVMM)

A
  1. Descriptive characteristics (ie traits)
    - intelligent, hardworking
  2. motives and goals
    - achievement or relationship motivated
  3. values
    - honest, loyal, selfish
  4. emotional tendencies
    - moody, anxious, optimistic
  5. memories/experiences
    - parent only took lil sibling out
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3
Q

where does the term personality come from?

A

its greek

‘persona” = mask
- represents a character in a play to convey social class, gender and expression easily to audience

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4
Q

How are people ‘using’ personality in the following situation?

“Peter” talking about an old friend from high school
* “He is a real outgoing person. He is friendly, but he’s not the type who goes along with the crowd all the time, so he’s kind of independent also.”

A

description

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5
Q

How are people ‘using’ personality in the following situation?

“Jen” talking about her last date
* “It’s not his looks or his athletic ability, and it’s certainly not his intelligence—it’s his personality that I like”

A

evaluation

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6
Q

How are people ‘using’ personality in the following situation?

  • “Alex” complaining about his partner
  • “She always does something that she knows will annoy me. I have told her a million times that I don’t like it, and she keeps saying she will change but never does.”
A

continuity

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7
Q

what is the scientific definition of personality?

A

Consistent and enduring patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that influence a person’s interactions with, and adaptations to, the environment

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8
Q

how do we use thought to define personality?

A

our beliefs
values
and expectetions reflect us as a person

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9
Q

hwo do we use feelings to define personality?

A

emotions and passions give a good gage of a persons personality

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10
Q

How do we use behaviors to define personality?

A

actions/what we do
- always late, partier, anjoy skydiving

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11
Q

What is the goal of personality psychology

A

understanding AND explaining behavior

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12
Q

where do personality psychologists work

A

uni, college, research institutes, CIA, FBI, conulting firms, advertising/marketing

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13
Q

define the 3 levels of personaluty analysis.
Human Nature; Individual Differences: Unique Life story

A

human nature- relate to group
individual differences- relate to some
unique life story- like no one else

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14
Q

ude agression as a model for the 3 analyseses of personalty (universal, individual, unique)

A

ppl all respond agressively is life threatened & cant excape
some ppl agressive when cut off on road
agressive from indivudual perspective

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15
Q

how does personality psyc differ from social psychology?

A

personality
- focus on individual differences

social psychologists
- focus on human nature level

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16
Q

what occured in teh STanford Prison Experiement & Abu Ghraid Scandal and why did personality psychologists care?

A

coaching ppl how to behave in environment
-> ppl behave differently than they normally would
-> placing ppl in these environments -> abnormal reactions and “anyone in their shoes would do the same”

Chuck Graner- was actually an abuser and had an agressive personality

Lynndie England- had an overly compliant personality in the fac eof percieved authority

17
Q

What were 3. pre-sceintific methods to measuring personality?

A

Astrology
- personality based on birthday
Physiognomy
- personality shaped on body shape (especially face)
Phrenology
- personality assessment based on morphpogy (shape) of skull

18
Q

what does LOTS of data stand for?

A

LOTS of data!

life history data
observer reports- observing behaviour
test data
self-reports (surveys)

19
Q

what are some examples of self-report surveys?

A

Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI)
- read a number of personality traits and rank how much each resonates with u

20
Q

what are advantages of self-report data?

A

allows us to study hard to observe behaviors, thoughts, feelings
easy to cover large group quickly

21
Q

What are some disadvantages of self-report data?

A

convenience sampling -> group doesnt represent whole
responses biased or untruthful

22
Q

discribe observer-report data

A

observers can be: friends, fam, loved ones, experimenter

23
Q

what are advantages of Observer-report Data?

A

Capture spontaneous behavior
avoid bias of self reports

24
Q

disadvantages of observer-report data

A

researcher interference- are ppl acting “naturally”?
some behaviors are rare
observer bias & selective attn
time consuming

25
Q

What is the purpose of using Test Date to anylize personality?

A

assess abilities, cognitions, motivations or behaviors by observing performance

26
Q

Is test data descriptive of the person?

A

the data reflects assigned meaning from the researcher prior to the test

27
Q

Give some examples of test data

A

questionaire tests (ie IQ)
experimental (performance_
Physiological (Bp, heart rate, startle)
- brain imaging, behavioural (ie where someone walks)
Projective techniques (i.e. Rorschach- perception)

28
Q

disadvantages of test data

A

must infer test measures what we think it measures aka
VALIDITY PROBLEMS

29
Q

advantages of test data

A

measures hard-to-observe characteristics or unconscious data

30
Q

how do case studies/life data measure personality

A

intensive examination of single person/group

31
Q

where can we obtain Case Study data

A

interviews, autobiography, school grades, crominal recordws, work record, social media

32
Q

advantages & disadvantages of Case Study

A

advantages
-allows study of rare behaviors
disadvantages
- observer bias, difficult to generalize to larger group
- hard to reconstruct causes from past events

33
Q

explain reliability

A

extent to which scores are stable & replicable- CONSISTENCY

34
Q

what are the 3 types or reliability

A

test-retest (2 testing times high correlation?)
internal consistency (do scores correlate)
inter-rater reliability (only for observational data!)

35
Q

Explain Validity

A

does it measure what its SUPPOSED to measure
- ACCURACY

36
Q

what types of validity do we measure?

A

face validity (measure what we think it measures)
predictive validity
convergent validity (relate to other tests measuring same variable)
construct validity (all of the above)

37
Q

is high validity correllated with lots or a little data?

A

a lot of data

38
Q

describe some Questionable Research Practices

A

small samples
additional dependent variables
peeking at data
dropping an experimental condition

39
Q
A

Psyc 305 (4 decks)

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