The Humanistic/Phonomelogical Approach Flashcards
how does Motives theory relate t o the Humanistic Perspective?
The humanistic perspective attempts to apply motives theory to make people’s lives better with a focus on their conscious motives & responsibility
what were 3 basic assumptions of Humanistic Perspective?
Emphasis on Phenomelogy (individual differences in perception & subjectivity)
Self-Actualization- ppl inherently good & strive for growth
Emphasis on self.identity (ego- universal need for psitive regard
who was Maslow & what’d he do?
he created a hierarchy of needs & theorized we must meet the lowest levels before we can strive towards ‘self-actualization’
what are his 5 needs?
physiological, safety, love & belonging, esteem (not just self but others too!), self-actualization
what is the weird thing abt self actualization?
once we are considered self-actualized, we fall away from the prior needs that got us there, and…
solitude, independence from culture, self-acceptance, creativity & frequent peak experiences occur!
what are some problems wirht Maslow?
they represent what ppl ‘should do’ and don’t align with the scientific understanding of human nature
- ie if purpose of creativity of self-fulfillment how does this help species survive?
evolutionary theory values creativity less because of its lack of contribution to reproduction
What is the layout for the “Modern’ take on Maslow & why is this controversial?
physiological, self-protection, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, parenting
people say that this emphasized parenting & lack of personal creativity to self-actualization
what was Carl Rogers belief?
ppl are inherently good & by showing unconditional positive regard & empathy, one could heal their clients- “client-centered therapy”
eble to embrace and accept their authentic self
William James believed what about the duality of the self?
there were 2 components: the “Me” and the “I”
Me: self as the object that can be observed
I: Self as the agent doing the observing – self-consciousness
what is self consciousness?
the “I”, or self-awareness
what is self-concept
the “me” of conception of ones sels as a physical, social, psychological, moral being
a self of self?
what is self-esteem
global evaluation (pos vs neg) of ones self
- liking, acceptance, competence
what is the classification of a self-concept?
personal, ascribed, social & group, interests, posessions (materials), abstract
hwo do we know a child has a sense of self
linguistic markers (18m)
Cognative behavioural markers (18-24m)
Emotional markers (2.5-3y)
what are some linguistic markers of sense of self and when do they appear?
linguistic markers (18m)
- self referencing
nonverbal recognition (puzzle vid)
reference to personal events
what are cognative markers of sense of self and when do they appear?
18-24m
- imitation & role taking
- mirror self-recognition
- rouge test (lipstick on nose)
how did they measure which other animals had mirror self recognition? and which animals passed?
wiped noses
chimps, orangutans, gorillas (not monkeys!)
elephants, dolpins, ppl, magpies…
not dogs :(
what was found when people had miltiple selves as opposed to a unitary self? What dpes this predict about physiological causes to multiple selves?
they had lower well-being and self esteem and this continued into later life
- also predicted relationship and career changes
This predicts physiological fragmentation & a lack of integrated core self
What is Self-Esteem and what are its 2 components?
Evaluation of ones self as a physical, social, psychological and moral being
recall 2 components: Affective & Cognative
what is teh Affective component of self esteem?
feelings and the self & self liking
what is the cognitive component of self esteem?
thoughts abt one’s competencies and abilities
how can we measrue self-esteem?
self-report scales and observer reports
what is the usual course of self esteemthrough the lifespan?
most ppl have a pretty good self-esteem
it drops from age 9/12 - 13/17 and slowly rises from there
however, for those aged 71-80 there is a fairly steep drop in self-esteem :(
what os different about US self esteem in comparrison to other countries?
the US has a higher self-esteem, which continues through the lifespan
if it follows the same general couse but is consistently a few levels higher than others
