The Principles of Bio Molecules

Question 1

Define the term monomer

Answer 1

A small basic molecular unit that makes up a polymer e.g. amino acids and monosaccharides

Question 2

Define the term polymer

Answer 2

A large complex molecule composed of long chains of monomers bonded/ linked together e.g. proteins and carbohydrates

Question 3

Define the term macromolecules

Answer 3

A large complex molecule with a large molecular mass e.g. a protein or a lipid

Question 4

Define the term dimer

Answer 4

A chemical compound composed of two identical or similar (not necessarily identical) monomers

Question 5

Define the term oligomer

Answer 5

A polymer molecule consisting of a small number of monomers.

Question 6

Define the term condensation reaction

Answer 6

A reaction between two molecules resulting in the formation of a larger molecule and realease of a water molecule.

Question 7

Define the term hydrolysis reaction

Answer 7

The breakdown of a molecule into two smaller molecules, requiring the addition of a water molecule.

Question 8

Define the term metabolism.

Answer 8

Cellular metabolism is the sum total of all the biochemical reactions taking place within a cell, including all the reaction involved in digesting food molecules.

Question 9

Define the term catobolic reaction.

Answer 9

Reactions of metabolism that break molecules down into smaller units. These reactions release energy.

Question 10

Define the term annabolic reaction

Answer 10

Reactions of metabolism that construct molecules from smaler units - these reactions require energy from the hydrolysis of ATP.

Question 11

List the four main categories of biological molecule.

Answer 11

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids

Question 12

Carbohydrates`- Building blocks

Answer 12

monosaccharide e.g. glucose, fructose, Ribose

Question 13

Carbohydrates - name of dimer

Answer 13

Dissacharide e.g. sucrose, maltose, lactose

Question 14

Carbohydrate - name of macromolecule

Answer 14

carbohydrates

Question 15

Carbohydrate - Is the macromolecules a polymer?

Answer 15

Yes (because it would have lots of reapting units of monomer)

Question 16

Carbohydrate - Name of the bond that links the building blocks together

Answer 16

Glycosidic bond

Question 17

Carbohydate - name of reaction that joins the building blocks together

Answer 17

Condensation reaction

Question 18

Carbohydrate - examples of functions of carbohydrate molecules

Answer 18

Glucose: energy source for respiration
Starch: energy store in plants
Glycogen: energy store in animals
Cellulose: structure and support in cell wall of plant cells
Chitin: structure and support in animals and fungi

Question 19

Carbohydrate - elements that make up the molecules

Answer 19

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Question 20

Lipids - Building blocks

Answer 20

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 21

Lipids - Name of the macromolecule

Answer 21

Lipid e.g triglyceride and phospholipid

Question 22

Lipids - name of bond that links the building blocks together

Answer 22

Ester Bond

Question 23

Lipids - name of the reaction that joins the building blocks together

Answer 23

Esterification (type of condensation reaction)

Question 24

Lipids - Examples of functions

Answer 24

• Membrane formation and the creation of hydrophobic barriers
• Hormone production
• Electrical insulation which is necessary for electrical impulse transmission
• Water proofing
• Thermal insulation
• Cushioning to protect vital organs
• Buoyancy

Question 25

Lipids - elements that make them up

Answer 25

Carbohydrate, hydrogen and oxygen (includes phosphorous in phospholipids)

Question 26

Proteins - Building blocks

Answer 26

- amino acids

Question 27

Proteins - name of dimer

Answer 27

Dipeptide

Question 28

Proteins - name of macromolecule

Answer 28

Protein (polypeptide)

Question 29

Proteins - name of bond that links building blocks

Answer 29

peptide covalent bond

Question 30

Proteins - is the macromolecule a polymer

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

Proteins - name of reaction that joins building blocks together

Answer 31

Condensation reaction

Question 32

Proteins - examples of functions

Answer 32

Globular protein - they regulate many of the processes such as chemical reactions, immunity and muscle contraction. Fibourous proteins - involved in making structural stuff e.g. collagen for hair

Question 33

Proteins - elements that make them up

Answer 33

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 34

Explain why the principle of macromolecules being able to be deconstructed into building blocks which can then be reconstructed into different macromolecules is the basis for life as we know it.

Answer 34

Because you can make things and break things that are important to life.

Question 35

Define the term single bond

Answer 35

A chemical bond to one pair of electrons

Question 36

Define the term double bond

Answer 36

A chemical bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.-