Diseases

Question 1

communicable disease

Answer 1

disease which can be passed from one organism to another

Question 2

pathogen

Answer 2

disease causing

Question 3

4 types of pathogen

Answer 3

bacteria, fungi, virus, protoctist

Question 4

What are the two ways of classifying bacteria?

Answer 4

1. Gram staining. Under LM either gram positive (purple-blue) or gram negative (red)
2. by shape (ie. spherical, rod-shaped, spiral, comma etc.)

Question 5

What is the general reproductive cycle of a virus?

Answer 5

1. invade living cells
2. genetic material of virus takes over host cell
3. virus reproduces and makes more viruses

Question 6

How can viruses damage their host tissues?

Answer 6

take over cell metabolism and insert viral DNA into host DNA, using the host cell to make new viruses. These burst out of the cell, destroy it, and infect other cells

Question 7

What 4 plant diseases do I need to know about?

Answer 7

Ring rot
Black Sigatoka
Potato Blight
Tobacco mosaic virus

Question 8

What type of pathogen causes Ring rot?

Answer 8

Bacteria

Question 9

What type of pathogen causes Black Sigatoka?

Answer 9

Fungi

Question 10

What type of pathogen causes Potato Blight?

Answer 10

Protoctist (fungus like)

Question 11

What type of pathogen causes Tobacco mosaic virus?

Answer 11

Virus

Question 12

What is the host species of Ring rot?

Answer 12

potato
tomato
aubergine

Question 13

What is the host species of Black Sigatoka?

Answer 13

banana

Question 14

What is the host species of Potato Blight?

Answer 14

potato

tomato

Question 15

What is the host species of Tobacco mosaic virus?

Answer 15

tobacco plants
tomato
pepper
cucumber
etc.

Question 16

What are the 7 animal diseases I have to know?

Answer 16

Tuberculosis
Bacterial meningitis
AIDS
Influenza
Malaria
Ring worm
Athlete’s foot

Question 17

What type of pathogen causes Tuberculosis?

Answer 17

Bacteria

Question 18

What type of pathogen causes Bacterial meningitis?

Answer 18

Bacteria

Question 19

What type of pathogen causes AIDS?

Answer 19

Virus (HIV)

Question 20

What type of pathogen causes Influenza?

Answer 20

Virus

Question 21

What type of pathogen causes Malaria?

Answer 21

Protoctist

Question 22

What type of pathogen causes Ring worm?

Answer 22

Fungi

Question 23

What type of pathogen causes Athlete’s foot?

Answer 23

Fungi

Question 24

What is the host species of Tuberculosis?

Answer 24

human
cow
pig
badger
deer

Question 25

What is the host species of Bacterial meningitis?

Answer 25

humans (brain of very young children and teenagers)

Question 26

What is the host species of AIDS?

Answer 26

humans | non-human primates

Question 27

What is the host species of Influenza?

Answer 27

humans (young children | old people)

Question 28

What is the host species of Malaria?

Answer 28

human | mosquito

Question 29

What is the host species of Ring worm?

Answer 29

human cattle dogs cats

Question 30

What is the host species of Athlete’s foot?

Answer 30

human

Question 31

Vector

Answer 31

carries pathogen from one organism to another (eg. insects or water)

Question 32

Direct transmission vs indirect transmission

Answer 32

direct is where pathogen is transferred by: - direct contact - inoculation - ingestion indirect is where pathogen is transferred by: - fomites - droplet infection (inhalation) - vectors

Question 33

examples of direct transmission of disease (direct contact, inoculation, ingestion)

Answer 33

direct contact: - kissing/ contact of bodily fluids (bacterial meningitis) - direct skin-to-skin contact (ringworm, athlete's foot) - microorganisms from faeces transmitted on hands (diarrhoeal diseases) inoculation: - break in the skin - eg. during sex (HIV/AIDS) - animal bite (rabies) - puncture wound/sharing needles) ingestion: - eating contaminated food or touching mouth with dirty hands (amoebic dysentery, diarrhoeal diseases)

Question 34

examples of indirect transmission of disease (fomites, droplet infection, vectors)

Answer 34

fomites: - inanimate objects like bedding, cosmetics etc. (athlete's foot, gas gangrene) droplet infection: - minute droplets of saliva and mucus are expelled from mouth as you talk, cough or sneeze (influenza, TB) vectors: - mosquitos (malaria) - rat fleas (bubonic plague) - water (diarrhoeal diseases, cholera)

Question 35

What is the transmission method for Ring Rot?

Answer 35

.

Question 36

What is the transmission method for Black Sigatoka?

Answer 36

.

Question 37

What is the transmission method for Potato Blight?

Answer 37

.

Question 38

What is the transmission method for Tobacco Mosaic Virus?

Answer 38

.

Question 39

What is the transmission method for Malaria?

Answer 39

indirect transmission by vector (mosquitos)

Question 40

What is the transmission method for Ring worm?

Answer 40

direct transmission by skin-to-skin contact

Question 41

What is the transmission method for AIDS?

Answer 41

direct transmission by inoculation. Break in skin.

Question 42

What is the transmission method for Tuberculosis?

Answer 42

indirect transmittion by droplet infection (inhalation). Droplets containing pathogens are breathed in by individuals

Question 43

What is the transmission method for Athlete's foot?

Answer 43

.

Question 44

What is the transmission method for Bacterial meningitis?

Answer 44

.

Question 45

What is the transmission method for Influenza?

Answer 45

.

Question 46

Describe and explain 7 factors that affect the transmission of communicable diseases in animals

Answer 46

.

Question 47

Describe and explain 6 factors that affect the transmission of communicable diseases in plants

Answer 47

.

Question 48

State 3 examples of barriers to pathogens in plants

Answer 48

.

Question 49

Describe the major difference between plants’ response to pathogens as compared to animals’ response to pathogens, and explain why this is a possible successful strategy for plants.

Answer 49

.

Question 50

Describe 2 ways in which a plant cell can detect the presence of a pathogen

Answer 50

.

Question 51

Name two molecules produced by plants to limit the spread of the pathogen

Answer 51

.

Question 52

Describe the structure of callose

Answer 52

.

Question 53

Describe 4 ways callose is used to limit the spread of a pathogen

Answer 53

.

Question 54

List 6 different types of plant chemical defences, and for each describe their role and give examples

Answer 54

.

Question 55

are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 55

prokaryotic

Question 56

how is gram staining in bacteria useful?

Answer 56

the type of cell wall bacteria has affects how it interact with different antibiotics

Question 57

diameter of virus

Answer 57

0.02-0.3um

Question 58

how do viruses store their genetic information?

Answer 58

nucleic acid strand surrounded by protein

Question 59

bacteriophages

Answer 59

viruses that attack bacteria

Question 60

parasites

Answer 60

use people/animals as host organisms. | all viruses and pathogenic protoctista

Question 61

are protoctists prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 61

eukaryotic

Question 62

are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 62

eukaryotic

Question 63

since fungi cannot photosynthesise, how do they get their food & nutrients?

Answer 63

secrete extracellular enzymes which digest food. Then the fungi absorb the nutrients

Question 64

which type of fungi cause communicable diseases?

Answer 64

parasitic fungi (which feed on living plants and animals)