Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Midterm 2 > The PNS > Flashcards

The PNS Flashcards

1
Q

The Somatic Nervous System

A
  • supplies somatic (body wall) structures - skin, muscle, bone, parietal membranes
  • motor (skeletal muscle - voluntary control) (exception = reflex arc)
  • sensory - pain (direct, sharp, focussed and well-localized), temperature, touch, proprioception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • supplies viscera (internal organs) - glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, visceral membranes (involuntary control)
  • motor (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
  • sensory - visceral afferents = pain (stretch or ischemia, indirect or referred, usually referred to the dermatomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Spinal Nerves

A 
emerge from the spinal cord (superior to respective vertebrae in cervical region, inferior to vertebrae in thoracic - coccygeal regions)
31 pairs:
- 8 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
- 5 sacral
- 1 coccygeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

emerge from the area of the brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

General Afferents

A

Somatic Afferents (GSA) & Visceral Afferents (GVA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Somatic Afferents (GSA)

A

pain, temperature, touch, proprioception (PTTP) from body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Visceral Afferents (GVA)

A

pain, distension, chemical from visceral structures

  • sensory info input = dorsal root –> dorsal horn
  • info returns to same region that it was initiated (ie. T1-T5)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

General Efferents

A

Somatic Efferents (GSE) & Visceral Efferents (GVE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Somatic Efferents (GSE)

A

motor neurons in ventral horn projecting to skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Visceral Efferents (GVE)

A

autonomic fibres innervating smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intermediate Zone (Autonomic)

A

AKA Lateral Horn - pertuberance of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ventral Primary Ramus

A

anterior branch of spinal nerve (PNS), travels along rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dorsal Primary Ramus

A

posterior branch of spinal nerve (PNS), passes through & innervates musculature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dorsal Horn

A

sensory input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ventral Horn

A

motor output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anterior Cutaneous Branch

A

spinal nerve branch (skin innervation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lateral Cutaneous Branch

A

spinal nerve branch (skin innervation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Posterior Cutaneous Branch

A

spinal nerve branch (skin innervation)

19
Q

Intervertebral Foramen

A

window between vertebrae that spinal nerve innervates - follows rib around the body

20
Q

Epineurium

A

coating around the entire spinal nerve

21
Q

Perineurium

A

coating around the individual fascicles of a spinal nerve - each fascicle responsible for particular type of info

22
Q

Endoneurium

A

coating around the individual axons of a spinal nerve

23
Q

Reflex Arc

A

a strong enough pain signal coming from receptor is able to bypass brain by collateral of secondary motor neuron - still processed by brain but not required for movement
Step 1 - arrival of stimulus and activation of receptor
Step 2 - activation of a sensory neuron
Step 3 - information processing in CNS
Step 4 - activation of a motor neuron
Step 5 - response by effector

24
Q

Dermatomes

A

each strip of skin corresponds to a specific spinal nerve

- nerves grow longer to maintain the original point of contact despite growth of the body

25
Q

Somatic Nerve Plexuses

A

Plexus = network of nerve

  • Brachial Plexus
  • Lumbar Plexus
  • Lumbosacral Plexus
26
Q

Brachial Plexus

A 
innervates upper extremity
C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1
Creates 5 main nerves:
1. Axillary
2. Median
3. Musculocutaneous
4. Radial
5. Ulnar
27
Q

Lumbar Plexus

A 
innervates lower anterior abdominal wall, medial and anterior thigh, inguinal region
L1, L2, L3, L4
Creates 6 main nerves:
1. Iliohpogastric
2. Ilioinguinal
3. Genitofemoral
4. Lateral Femoral Cutaneous
5. Femoral
6. Obturator
28
Q

Lumbosacral Plexus

A 
innervates gluteal region, lower extremity, perineal region and genitals 
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
Creates 6 main nerves:
1. Tibial
2. Common Peroneal
3. Superior Gluteal
4. Inferior Gluteal
5. Pudendal
6. Posterior Femoral Cutaneous
29
Q

Autonomic Motor Nerves

A

Sympathetic - Thoracolumbar - T1-L2

Parasympathetic - Craniosacral - CN III, VII, IX, S2, S3, S4

30
Q

Somatic Motor System

A

one axon emerges from CNS –> effector site

“common final pathway”

31
Q

Autonomic Motor System

A

“2 neuron system”

  1. Preganglionic Fibre (from CNS –> autonomic ganglion)
  2. Postganglionic Fibre (from ganglion to the effector site)
32
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

short preganglionic, long postganglionic

  • form sympathetic chain ganglia to pass info to regions not normally mediated by T1 - L2
  • ganglion relatively close to spinal cord
  • splanchnic nerves
33
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

long preganglionic, short postganglionic

- no skin supply

34
Q

Sympathetic Actions

A
  • pupil dilation
  • trachea and bronchiole dilation
  • salivary glands secrete thick, viscid fluid
  • increased heart rate and contractility
  • contraction of anal sphincter
  • decreased gastrointestinal motility and tone, contract sphincter
  • stimulation of ejaculation, uterus relaxes
  • skeletal muscles dilate, viscera constrict
35
Q

Parasympathetic Actions

A
  • pupils constrict, accommodation reflex
  • trachea and bronchioles constrict, increased secretion
  • tears stimulation (lacrimal glands)
  • salivary glands secrete water (copious)
  • relaxation of anal sphincter
  • decreased heart rate and contractility
  • increased gastrointestinal motility and tone
  • erection (both sexes)
36
Q

Sympathetic Chain

A

motor info output
ventral horn –> spinal nerve –> white ramus communicans –>
a. supradiaphragmic organs = ganglion (T1-T5)
b. infradiaphragmic organs = splanchnic nerve
c. sympathetic trunk (moves info to all spinal nerves)
d. Gray ramus communicans (–>peripheral)

37
Q

Splanchnic Nerve

A

innervates organs below the diaphragm, synapses along a major artery/blood vessel
- postganglionic nerve then follows along blood vessel to destination (organ)

38
Q

White Ramus Communicans

A

white communicating branch where sympathetic spinal nerve branches off to the sympathetic chain
white because myelinated

39
Q

Gray Ramus Communicans

A

where sympathetic postganglionic nerve from sympathetic chain rejoins spinal nerve
gray because not as myelinated as white ramus communicans

40
Q

Autonomic Motor Command Centre

A

Hypothalamus

- not under conscious control

41
Q

Greater Splanchnic Nerve

A

T5-T9

42
Q

Lesser Splanchnic Nerve

A

T10-T11

43
Q

Sensory Homunculus

A

interpretation according to which spinal nerve input is coming from
- correspons to general (autonomic) pain

Anatomy Midterm 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions