Blood & Lymphatic Vascular Systems

Question 1

RBC’s

Answer 1

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide (99% of cells)

• biconcave disc shaped cells
• no nucleus (ejected from cell during development)

Question 2

Monocytes

Answer 2

become macrophages

Question 3

Neutrophils

Answer 3

destroy bacteria

Question 4

Eosinophils

Answer 4

inflammatory response

Question 5

Basophils

Answer 5

inflammatory & allergic response

Question 6

Lymphocytes

Answer 6

immune response

Question 7

Platelets

Answer 7

clotting reaction

• formed from stem cells in the red bone marrow
• formed from megakaryocytes
• cell fragments that pinch off from the megakaryocytes

Question 8

Internal Thoracic Artery

Answer 8

supplies blood to the thorax anteriorly

Question 9

Intercostal Artery

Answer 9

supplies posterior aspect of thoracic cavity

Question 10

Vertebral Artery

Answer 10

major supply of blood to the brain

Question 11

Carotid Sinus

Answer 11

swelling at branch of external & internal carotids

• contains baroreceptors to sense blood pressure
• feedback to heart rate

Question 12

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Answer 12

supplies small intestine and colon

Question 13

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Answer 13

supplies remaining portion of colon (not supplied by superior mesenteric)

Question 14

Internal Iliac Artery

Answer 14

supplies pelvic area

Question 15

External Iliac Artery

Answer 15

becomes femoral artery - supplies lower extremities

Question 16

Deep Brachial Artery

Answer 16

supplies posterior of arm

Question 17

Brachial Artery

Answer 17

supplies anterior of arm

Question 18

Palmar Arches (Arteries)

Answer 18

one superficial & one deep - inastimosis of radial & ulnar

Question 19

Deep Femoral Artery

Answer 19

supplies the lower limb posteriorly

Question 20

Popliteal Artery

Answer 20

passes through popliteus

Question 21

Pedal Arches (Arteries)

Answer 21

dorsal and plantar arches

Question 22

Azygos

Answer 22

means “unpaired”, vein running medially down thorax branching off superior vena cava

Question 23

Internal Thoracic Vein

Answer 23

drains thorax anteriorly

Question 24

Brachiocephalic Vein

Answer 24

multiple merge to form superior vena cava

Question 25

Hemiazygos

Answer 25

drains intercostals (posterior thoracic cavity)

Question 26

External Jugular Vein

Answer 26

drains more superficial (comp. to Internal jugular)

Question 27

Internal Jugular Vein

Answer 27

drains more deep (sinuses) (comp. to external jugular)

Question 28

Hepatic Veins

Answer 28

drain liver

Question 29

Renal Veins

Answer 29

drain kidneys

Question 30

Hepatic Portal System

Answer 30

all veins come together to form one vein to liver (Hepatic Portal Vein) - all blood filtered by liver before going back into circulation - interpose 2nd capillary bed between 1st capillary bed & heart

Question 31

Drainage of R & L Lymphatic System

Answer 31

R - lymphatic duct L - thoracic duct - empty into large thoracic veins - cysterna chyli ("collecting lymph")

Question 32

Two Major Classes of Lymphocytes

Answer 32

1. B-Lymphocytes | 2. T-Lymphocytes

Question 33

B-Lymphocytes

Answer 33

formed in bone marrow, produce antibodies

Question 34

T-Lymphocytes

Answer 34

formed in thymus gland, killer T-cells destroy pathogens & abnormal cells, regulatory T-cells regulate the immune response

Question 35

Lymphoid Nodules

Answer 35

- densely packed accumulations of lymphocytes | - mount an immune response to antigens

Question 36

Tonsils

Answer 36

- aggregates of lymphoid nodules in the pharynx - remove pathogens from inspired air and food - now considered an important part of lymphatic system

Question 37

Lymph Nodes

Answer 37

- function as lymph filters - major site of immune response to antigens - many afferent vessels penetrate capsule - single efferent vessel exits node

Question 38

Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast

Answer 38

- need contraction of muscles to move lymph - some pressure gradient but mainly from contraction - cancer cells metastasize (migrate) along lymphatics and become trapped in lymph nodes

Question 39

Thymus Gland

Answer 39

- lies posterior to sternum in anterior portion of mediastinum - composed of two lobes - large early in life - undergoes involution later in life - source of T-Lymphocytes

Question 40

Spleen

Answer 40

- important blood filter - located along lateral curvature of stomach - largest lymphoid organ - filters the blood - removes abnormal blood cells - mounts immune response against circulation antigens