Blood & Lymphatic Vascular Systems Flashcards
RBC’s
carry oxygen and carbon dioxide (99% of cells)
- biconcave disc shaped cells
- no nucleus (ejected from cell during development)
Monocytes
become macrophages
Neutrophils
destroy bacteria
Eosinophils
inflammatory response
Basophils
inflammatory & allergic response
Lymphocytes
immune response
Platelets
clotting reaction
- formed from stem cells in the red bone marrow
- formed from megakaryocytes
- cell fragments that pinch off from the megakaryocytes
Internal Thoracic Artery
supplies blood to the thorax anteriorly
Intercostal Artery
supplies posterior aspect of thoracic cavity
Vertebral Artery
major supply of blood to the brain
Carotid Sinus
swelling at branch of external & internal carotids
- contains baroreceptors to sense blood pressure
- feedback to heart rate
Superior Mesenteric Artery
supplies small intestine and colon
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
supplies remaining portion of colon (not supplied by superior mesenteric)
Internal Iliac Artery
supplies pelvic area
External Iliac Artery
becomes femoral artery - supplies lower extremities
Deep Brachial Artery
supplies posterior of arm
Brachial Artery
supplies anterior of arm
Palmar Arches (Arteries)
one superficial & one deep - inastimosis of radial & ulnar
Deep Femoral Artery
supplies the lower limb posteriorly
Popliteal Artery
passes through popliteus
Pedal Arches (Arteries)
dorsal and plantar arches
Azygos
means “unpaired”, vein running medially down thorax branching off superior vena cava
Internal Thoracic Vein
drains thorax anteriorly
Brachiocephalic Vein
multiple merge to form superior vena cava
Hemiazygos
drains intercostals (posterior thoracic cavity)
External Jugular Vein
drains more superficial (comp. to Internal jugular)
Internal Jugular Vein
drains more deep (sinuses) (comp. to external jugular)
Hepatic Veins
drain liver
Renal Veins
drain kidneys
Hepatic Portal System
all veins come together to form one vein to liver (Hepatic Portal Vein)
- all blood filtered by liver before going back into circulation
- interpose 2nd capillary bed between 1st capillary bed & heart
Drainage of R & L Lymphatic System
R - lymphatic duct
L - thoracic duct
- empty into large thoracic veins - cysterna chyli (“collecting lymph”)
Two Major Classes of Lymphocytes
- B-Lymphocytes
2. T-Lymphocytes
B-Lymphocytes
formed in bone marrow, produce antibodies
T-Lymphocytes
formed in thymus gland, killer T-cells destroy pathogens & abnormal cells, regulatory T-cells regulate the immune response
Lymphoid Nodules
- densely packed accumulations of lymphocytes
- mount an immune response to antigens
Tonsils
- aggregates of lymphoid nodules in the pharynx
- remove pathogens from inspired air and food
- now considered an important part of lymphatic system
Lymph Nodes
- function as lymph filters
- major site of immune response to antigens
- many afferent vessels penetrate capsule
- single efferent vessel exits node
Lymphatic Drainage of the Breast
- need contraction of muscles to move lymph
- some pressure gradient but mainly from contraction
- cancer cells metastasize (migrate) along lymphatics and become trapped in lymph nodes
Thymus Gland
- lies posterior to sternum in anterior portion of mediastinum
- composed of two lobes
- large early in life
- undergoes involution later in life
- source of T-Lymphocytes
Spleen
- important blood filter
- located along lateral curvature of stomach
- largest lymphoid organ
- filters the blood
- removes abnormal blood cells
- mounts immune response against circulation antigens
