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Endocrine System > The Pituitary Gland COPY COPY > Flashcards

The Pituitary Gland COPY COPY Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus and the pituitary in the endocrine system?

A

Principal organisers

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2
Q

What connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary?

A

The infundibulum

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3
Q

What is the connection between the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary?

A

Neural

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4
Q

What is the connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?

A

Endocrine

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5
Q

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

A

The integrating system of a huge amount of stimuli

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6
Q

What type of hormones are released by the anterior pituitary?

A

Classic endocrine hormones

Released in response to a tropic hormone binding to a receptor on the anterior pituitary

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7
Q

What are the 5 tropic “releasing hormones” released by the hypothalamus that act on the anterior pituitary?

A

Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)

Corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH)

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH)

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8
Q

What are the 2 inhibiting hormones released by the hypothalamus?

A

Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (somatostatin)

Dopamin (inhibits prolactin)

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9
Q

What is the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system?

A

Network of tiny vessels that transfer hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

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10
Q

Where are the hormones from the hypothalamus released into the hypothalao-hypophyseal circulation?

A

At the median eminence

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11
Q

What is the anterior pituitary also known as?

A

Adenohypophysis

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12
Q

What hormones are released by the adenohypophysis?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

FSH

LH

GH

Prolactin

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13
Q

What is the target of thyroid stimulating hormone and what does it cause?

A

Thyroid

Release thyroxine (therefore is a tropic hormone)

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14
Q

What is the target and effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A

Adrenal glands

Cortisol release

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15
Q

What is the function of LH?

A

Regulation of sexual function (direct effect)

Sex hormone release (tropic effect)

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16
Q

What is the effect of GH?

A

Liver

Release of IGF1 (tropic effect)

Tissue metabolism (direct effect)

17
Q

What is the effect of prolactin?

A

Stimulates milk production

18
Q

How is the hypothalo-hypophyseal pathway controlled?

A

Feedback control

19
Q

What is the short feedback loop?

A

The pituitary’s secretions inhibiting the hypothalamus

20
Q

What is the long feedback loop?

A

Target cells secretions inhibiting the hypothalamus

21
Q

What is secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

Vasopressin

Oxytocin

22
Q

In what cells are oxytocin and ADH synthesised?

A

Magnocellular neurones

23
Q

Where do magnocellular axons project to?

A

The posterior pituitary

It’s actually these that secrete into the bloodstream therefore neuroendocrine.

Endocrine System (90 decks)

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