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Endocrine System > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the pituitary found?

A

In the sella turcica in the body of the sphenoid within the middle cranial fossa

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2
Q

What type of tissue is the pituitary gland?

A 
Ant = True epithelial tissue
Post = Neural tissue (extension of the Hypothalamus)
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3
Q

How’d you differntiate ant/post pituitary on histology?

A

Ant stains dark

Post stains light

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4
Q

What would you see on close histology of the ant pituitary?

A

Two different cell types:

  • Acidophils (Stain lighter)
  • Basophils (stain heavily)
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5
Q

What types of cells are acidophils, and what do they make?

A
  • Somatotrophs (GH)

- Mammotrophs (Prolactin)

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6
Q

What types of cells are basophils and what do they make?

A
  • Corticotrophs [ACTH & MSH]
  • Thyrotrophs [TSH]
  • Gonadotrophs [LH & FSH]
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7
Q

What hormones are secreted by the post pituitary?

A

Oxytocin

ADH (Vasopressin)

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8
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the pituitary?

A

ICA
-> Sup & Inf Hypophyseal arteries

Sup -> Hypophyseal portal system

Inf -> Post Pituitary

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9
Q

How does the hypothalamus communicate with the pituitary?

A

Ant - Through hypophyseal portal system

Post - Neurons in the infandibulum

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10
Q

Venous drainage of the pituitary?

A

Hypophysial veins into cavernous sinus

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11
Q

Describe the locaiton of the thyroid?

A

C5-T1

Thyroid cartilae to 6th tracheal ring

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12
Q

Where is the thyroid isthmus found?

A

Between tracheal rings 2 & 4

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13
Q

What 3 strap muscles overlie the thyroid?

A

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
[NOT THE Thyrohyoid]

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14
Q

What nerves supply the thyroid & where are they found?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (between trachea/oesophagus)

Sup Laryngeal Nerve (Close to Sup Thyroid Art)

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15
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the thyroid?

A

Sup Thyroid artery - ECA

Inf Thyroid Art - Subclavian

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16
Q

Describe the venous supply of the thyroid?

A

Sup & Middle Thyroid Vein - IJV

Inf Thyroid Vein - Brachiocephalic Vein

17
Q

Where does lymph drain from the thyroid?

A

Deep Cervical Lymph nodes

18
Q

Describe the histological structure of the thyroid?

A

Cuboidal epithelial cells arranged in circles forming Follicles

C or Clear cells interspersed

19
Q

What is found within thyroid follicles?

A

Glycoprotein called colloid bound to the thyroid hormones

20
Q

What do C cells do?

A

Secrete Calcitonin

21
Q

What 2 hormones do thyroid follicles secrete?

A

T3 - Triodothyronine

T4 - Thyroxine

22
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands found?

A

Lateral half of the post surface of each thyroid lobe. External to the fibrous capsule.

23
Q

At what level are the parathyroid glands found?

A

Sup - Inf border of cricoid

Inf - Inf poles of thyroid

24
Q

Blood supply of parathyroid glands?

A

Arterial - Inf Thyroid Arteries (Subclavian Art)

Venous - Sup/Middle Thyroid Veins (IJV)

25
Q

Describe the histological appearance of the parathyroids?

A

Two main cell types:

  • Chief Cells (numerous and pale staining)
  • Oxyphil cells (Less common & darker)
26
Q

How are the suprarenal glands peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

27
Q

Embryology of the suprarenal glands?

A

Cortex - Mesodermal epithelium

Medulla - Neuroectoderm

28
Q

Arterial supply of the adrenal gland?

A

Inf Phrenic –> Sup Suprarenal Arts
Aorta –> Middle Suprarenal Arts
Renal Arts –> Inf Suprarenal Arts

29
Q

Venous drainage of the adrenal gland?

A

Suprarenal Vein

Drains into IVC on right and the renal vein on left

30
Q

What are the layers of the adrenal gland and what do they secrete?

A

Outside in:

  • Fibrous capsule
  • Zona Glomerulosa (Mineralocorticoids)
  • Zona Fasciculata (Glucocorticoids)
  • Zona Reticularis (Sex Steroids)
  • Medulla (Catecholamines e.g. epinephrine)
31
Q

How is the pancreas peritonised?

A

Retroperitoneal

Except tail which is intraperitoneal

32
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the pancreas

A

Splenic Art gives off pancreatic branches

Coelic trunk –> Common hepatic –> Gastroduodenal –> Sup Pancreaticoduodenal

Sup Mesenteric –> Inf Pancreaticoduodenal

33
Q

Cell types of the endocrine pancreas?

A

Alpha - glucagon
Beta - Insulin
Delta - Somatostatin
F - Pancreatic Polypeptide

All found in islets of langerhans (lightly stained and non-acinar)

Endocrine System (90 decks)

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