Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HD > The Physiology of the Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

The Physiology of the Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

List the components of the reproductive system(organs glands)

A 
Ovary
– Oviduct (Uterine tubes=Fallopian tubes)
– Uterus (Nourishment of the developing
embryo and fetus)
Accessory glands
Copulatory organ and parturition
– vagina
Vulva
Mammary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of the ovary

A

Oocyte release
– Menstruation
– Reproduction

Hormone production causing Female phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how many eggs before birth

A

7 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how many eggs during menopause

A

0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how many eggs at first period

A

0.5 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Outline 7 steps of normal follicle development

A

1.primary follicle 2. growing follicle 3.mature follicle 4.ovulation 5.empty follicle 6. corpus luteum 7.corpus luteum regresses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why is LH low during follicular phase of menstrual cycle even though GnRH is being secreted

A

Low concentration of oestrogen inhibits LH secretion from the anterior pituitary. oestrogen is produced by developing follicle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

FSH is secreted in when oestrogen is low or high

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

As follicle develop in follicular stage what happens to estrogen conc

A

it rises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are periphial effects of estrogen in women

A

bone and muscle growth endometrial growth, maintains breast and female secondary characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

after 10 daYS OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE WHAT effect does estrogen have on lh

A

positive feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

explain oestrogen effect on lh at differing concentrations

A

low oestrogen concentration negative feedback inhibits lh, at high conc of oestrogen positive feedback lh increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how long is follicular phase

A

1-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does massive spike in LH around day 14 do

A

triggers ovulation in most mature follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

After ovulation what happens to LH GNRH

A

all drop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

days 11-14 of menstrual cycle are called

A

Ovulatory phase: Days 11-14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

before ovulation what do the fimbrae do

A

Shortly before the ovulation
fimbriae begin to sweep over
the surface of ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

in the luteal phase what three hormones does the corpus luteum secrete

A

inhibin progesterone oestrogen

19
Q

iS INHIBIN PRESENT IN FOLLICULAR PHASE

A

No only after ovulation secreted by corpus luteum

20
Q

describe progesterone levels during menstrual cycle

A

Progesterone rises during luteal phase. low level beforehand

21
Q

What does inhibin do and why

A

negative feedback inhibit fsh, at luteal phase no maturation of folllicles needed yet

22
Q

how is GNRH release inhibited by hormones in luteal phase

A

rising progesterone from corpus luteum and falling oestrogen

23
Q

what does progesterone do

A

inhibit gnrh causing fsh and lh to fall and stimulate endometrial growth to allow implantation

24
Q

What causes progesterone inhibin to eventually decrease in luteal phase

A

they are secreted by the corpus luteum which eventually deteriorates allowing GNRH secretion to increase and therefore fsh and lh and a new cycle

25
Q

What is the function of the uterus

A

provides environment for egg implantation, and nourishment of the embryo and fetus during pregnancy
protection of fetus and expelling fetus.

to transport sperm to uterine tubes

26
Q

What happens menstrual phase day 1-5 of to the uterine wall

A

The functional layer of the
endometrium becomes
detached from the uterine wall,
resulting in bleeding (menses).

27
Q

Describe what happens to uterine wall Proliferativa phase

D 6 – 14

A

Endometrium begins to
proliferate and thicken,
tubular glands and
spiral arteries form.

28
Q

Describe what happens to uterine wall in Late Proliferative

Ovulatory D13-14

A

The glands are long and tortuous due to
active growth. Stroma is gradually
becoming oedematous.

29
Q

describe what happens in Secretory phase

(D 15 – 22) in uterine walls

A 
Enlargement of glands which begin
secreting mucus and glycogen in
preparation for implantation of the
fertilized ovum.
Increased fluid (oedema) in the
stroma

rising progesterone level

30
Q

what are the three segments of the uterine tube

A

infundibulum contains fimbrae,

ampulla and isthmus

31
Q

Describe organistation of uterine tube layers

A

tunic serosa on outside, then tunic muscularis, then tunicsubmucosa then tunic mucosa inside

32
Q

What threev things cause female infertility

A

anovulation, issue with egg transport, issue with implantation

33
Q

what are the causes of anovulation

A

PCOS, hypothalamic dysfunction, pituitary dysfunction, thyroid dysfunction, ovarian faliure

34
Q

The most common causes of ovulatory

dysfunction

A 
Polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS) (70%)
2) Hypothalamic amenorrhea
(10%)
3) Hyperprolactinemia (10%)
4) Premature ovarian failure
(10%)
35
Q

How can you treat PCOS

A

Life style intervention: Weight loss
Ø Restores ovulation
Ø Achieves spontaneous pregnancy
Ø Medical treatment with ovulation induction drugs

36
Q

How is Clomiphene citrate treat infertility

A

First line treatment

Clomiphene citrate stimulates endogenous FSH
production.
FSH stimulates ovulation

37
Q

Laparoscopic ovarian drilling, treat what

A

PCOS

38
Q

how do you treat hyperprolactinemia

A

Dopamine-agonist drugs are the treatment of choice

39
Q

Describe what can happen to the actual uterine tube

A

can be inflamed

40
Q

What are the uterine factors that can cause infertility

A

polyps, fibroids, endometriosis, uterine abnormality

41
Q

define ovarian reserve

A

The number and quality of the follicles left
in the ovary at any given time.
• An accurate measure of the quantitative
OR would involve the counting of all
follicles present in both ovaries

42
Q

how do you calculate ovarian reserve

A

antral follicle count, done looking at ultrasound(subjective), can look at amh concentration.
both arent that clinically reliable. age may be the best indicator

43
Q

do women with spontaneously regular cycles have ovulation problem

A

no

HD (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions