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HD > Hypothalamus and pitutitary > Flashcards

Hypothalamus and pitutitary Flashcards

ist six hormones produced by the anterior pituitary List the hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones, giving the chemical nature and functions of each Outline the mechanisms controlling growth hormone release and its actions Describe the actions of the trophic hormones on their target tissues Draw a simple diagram to show the relationship between the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary and name the hormones released from the posterior pitui

1
Q

List six hormones produced by the anterior pituitary

A

ACTH, FSH+LH,TSH,Prolactin, GH, msh

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2
Q

Where is CrH produced, what is it chemical nature and function

A

hypothalamus Corticotropin releasing hormone
(CRH)
41 amino acids

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3
Q

Where is GnRH porduced and what is it chemical sturcture

A

hypothalamus Gonadotropin releasing hormone
(GnRH)
10 amino acids

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4
Q

where is dopamine released and it’s function

A

at hypothalamus function Prolactin inhibitor

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5
Q

what hormone acts as a prolactin releasing horomone and where is it synthesized

A

TRH hypothalamus

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6
Q

what hormones from hypothalamus control growth hormone relase

A

GHRH activates and stomatostatin which inhibits release

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7
Q

where is TRH made and what is it’s chemical makeup

A

produced in hypothalamus hypothalamus
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
(TRH)
3 amino acids

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8
Q

prolactin chemical structure

A

Chemical structure

198 amino acids

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9
Q

prolactin actions on the body

A

In pregnancy promotes additional breast development

Post-partum stimulates milk production

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10
Q

what hormones come from posterior pituitary

A

oxytocin and adh

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11
Q

How do oxytocin and prolactin interact for breastfeeding

A

prolactin milk production and oxytocin is milk ejection

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12
Q

what does Hyperprolactinaemia cause

A 
galactorrhoea
milk secretion from breast
gynaecomastia
excess breast growth in males
infertility
males and females
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13
Q

how do you treat hyperprolactinaemia

A

Treatment D2 agonists
cabergoline
bromocriptine

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14
Q

How does hyperprolactinaemia cause infertility

A

causes milk production
in lactating mother and supresses
menstrual cycle

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15
Q

what is Growth hormone

Chemical structure

A

191 amino acids, species specific

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16
Q

What are does growth hormone do and act on specifically

A 
Growth of long bones until fusion of epiphyses
Increase in size of viscera
Anti-insulin effects
Metabolic effects related to growth
anabolic for protein
catabolic for fats and carbohydrates
17
Q

What physiological factors cause GH secretion

A 
Physiological
episodic
exercise
stress
physical
psychological
sleep
postprandial glucose decline
18
Q

what are the pharmacological factors causing GH secretion

A 
Pharmacological
drug-induced hypoglycaemia
amino acid infusions
small peptide hormones
monoaminergic stimuli
19
Q

What are the clinical conditions associated with hyper secretion of growth hormone

A

Hypersecretion
gigantism before fusion of epiphyses
acromegaly after fusion of epiphyses

20
Q

What are the clinical conditions associated with hypo secretion of growth hormone

A 
Hyposecretion
Short stature before fusion of
epiphyses
Adult growth hormone deficiency after
fusion of epiphyses
21
Q

Treatments for acromegaly

A 
Trans-sphenoidal surgery
Bromocriptine/carbegoline D2 agonists
octreotride long acting somatostatin
lanreotide analogues 
SSTR2 agonists
pasireotide 
SSTR5 agonist
22
Q

How do you treat small stature

A

Treat with recombinant hGH (somatropin) or

recombinant hIGF-1 (mecasermin)

23
Q

What is the precursor molecule for posterior pituitary hormones

A

Synthesised with neurophysin as precursor in cell

bodies in supraoptic nucleus (SON)

HD (18 decks)

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