Hypothalamus and pitutitary Flashcards
ist six hormones produced by the anterior pituitary List the hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones, giving the chemical nature and functions of each Outline the mechanisms controlling growth hormone release and its actions Describe the actions of the trophic hormones on their target tissues Draw a simple diagram to show the relationship between the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary and name the hormones released from the posterior pitui
List six hormones produced by the anterior pituitary
ACTH, FSH+LH,TSH,Prolactin, GH, msh
Where is CrH produced, what is it chemical nature and function
hypothalamus Corticotropin releasing hormone
(CRH)
41 amino acids
Where is GnRH porduced and what is it chemical sturcture
hypothalamus Gonadotropin releasing hormone
(GnRH)
10 amino acids
where is dopamine released and it’s function
at hypothalamus function Prolactin inhibitor
what hormone acts as a prolactin releasing horomone and where is it synthesized
TRH hypothalamus
what hormones from hypothalamus control growth hormone relase
GHRH activates and stomatostatin which inhibits release
where is TRH made and what is it’s chemical makeup
produced in hypothalamus hypothalamus
Thyrotropin releasing hormone
(TRH)
3 amino acids
prolactin chemical structure
Chemical structure
198 amino acids
prolactin actions on the body
In pregnancy promotes additional breast development
Post-partum stimulates milk production
what hormones come from posterior pituitary
oxytocin and adh
How do oxytocin and prolactin interact for breastfeeding
prolactin milk production and oxytocin is milk ejection
what does Hyperprolactinaemia cause
galactorrhoea milk secretion from breast gynaecomastia excess breast growth in males infertility males and females
how do you treat hyperprolactinaemia
Treatment D2 agonists
cabergoline
bromocriptine
How does hyperprolactinaemia cause infertility
causes milk production
in lactating mother and supresses
menstrual cycle
what is Growth hormone
Chemical structure
191 amino acids, species specific
What are does growth hormone do and act on specifically
Growth of long bones until fusion of epiphyses Increase in size of viscera Anti-insulin effects Metabolic effects related to growth anabolic for protein catabolic for fats and carbohydrates
What physiological factors cause GH secretion
Physiological episodic exercise stress physical psychological sleep postprandial glucose decline
what are the pharmacological factors causing GH secretion
Pharmacological drug-induced hypoglycaemia amino acid infusions small peptide hormones monoaminergic stimuli
What are the clinical conditions associated with hyper secretion of growth hormone
Hypersecretion
gigantism before fusion of epiphyses
acromegaly after fusion of epiphyses
What are the clinical conditions associated with hypo secretion of growth hormone
Hyposecretion Short stature before fusion of epiphyses Adult growth hormone deficiency after fusion of epiphyses
Treatments for acromegaly
Trans-sphenoidal surgery Bromocriptine/carbegoline D2 agonists octreotride long acting somatostatin lanreotide analogues SSTR2 agonists pasireotide SSTR5 agonist
How do you treat small stature
Treat with recombinant hGH (somatropin) or
recombinant hIGF-1 (mecasermin)
What is the precursor molecule for posterior pituitary hormones
Synthesised with neurophysin as precursor in cell
bodies in supraoptic nucleus (SON)
