Control of Testicular function and sperm function and sperm physiology

Question 1

two functions of testicles

Answer 1

produce sperm and produce androgens and secrete

Question 2

describe the anatomy of the testicles

Answer 2

divided into lobules which contain semineferous tubules and leydig cells, seminiferous tubules collect inot epididymis and join vas deferens

Question 3

what celles are in seminiferous tubules

Answer 3

sertoli and spermatogonial cells

Question 4

what does sertoli cell do

Answer 4

Support spermatogonial cells devolopment by,

Nutrition
Protection
Secretory
Excretory 
 Provide structural support
 Create 2 compartments Create
2 compartments
 Provide nutrients
for mature sperm
 Eliminate degenerate Eliminate degenerate germ cells
 S t I hibi ABP Secre
tes Inhibin, ABP,
AMH and growth factors

Question 5

when does spermatogenis start

Answer 5

Starts at puberty

Question 6

how long does spermatogenisis cycle take

Answer 6

72 days

Question 7

appreciate the stages of growth of perm cell

Answer 7

primary spermatome, early spermatid, late spermatid

Question 8

in spermatogenesis what occurs first mitosis or meiosis

Answer 8

 Mitosis followed by Meiosis

Question 9

what is spermiogensis

Answer 9

repacking of sperm, lose cholesterol, extension form traverse centriole,

Question 10

what are the three parts of a mature sperm

Answer 10

tail piece, mid piece and head

Question 11

what is the significance of the sertoli cell and junctional complex

Answer 11

they maintain a barrier between lumen and interstitial compartment. this is important so immune system can’t attack foreign sperm cells

Question 12

What does leydig cell do

Answer 12

Secrete androgens (C19), mainly
testosterone

Question 13

how do leydig and sprematogonial sertoli cells interact

Answer 13

testosterone produced by leydig cells allow maturation of sperm by stimulating sertoli cells

Question 14

what does fsh activate in testicles

Answer 14

sertoli cells

Question 15

what does lh activate in testicles

Answer 15

leydig cells

Question 16

what is role of prolactin in spermatogenisis

Answer 16

produced
by anterior
or
pituitary
and has a
facilitatory
action

Question 17

what is sperm capacitation

Answer 17

Switching on” of sperm - HYPERACTIVE
 Takes about 4 hours after ejaculation Takes about
4 hours after ejaculation
 Cholesterol loss and calcium influx

Question 18

outline sperm transport to egg

Answer 18

Ejaculation: deposition
of sperm in vagina
( ) acidic
)
 Cervix: Mucous barrier
and crypts act as sperm and crypts act as sperm
reservoirs - motility is
important
 Uterus and tubes: mild
contraction to propel the
sperm towards egg sperm towards egg
 Ampullary portion of the
tube: Fertilisation

Question 19

what enzymes are in acrosome

Answer 19

Leads to exposure
of hyaluronidase of hyaluronidase
and acrosin
enzymes

Question 20

outline acosome reaction at egg

Answer 20

Triggered by contact
with oocyte
 Interaction with ZP3
protein on oocyte
membrane
 Leads to exposure
of hyaluronidase of hyaluronidase
and acrosin
enzymes
 Facilitates oocyte
penetration

Question 21

what occurs during oocyte activation

Answer 21

Release of cortical granules - block to
polyspermic penetration polyspermic penetration
 Resumption of meiosis
 Formation of the male and female
p( )

Question 22

what effects sperm production

Answer 22

recreational anabolic abuse, no sperm. infection, vasectomy, enviroment, heat exposure to hot, radiation, alcohol and smoking, stress

Question 23

Disturbance in regulation of Disturbance in regulation of

testicular function

Answer 23

Genetic level
 Hypothalamic level
 Pituitary level
 Target tissue level Target tissue lev

Question 24

describe illness in which seprm production is compromised

Answer 24

androgen insensitivity syndrome, Hyperprolactinaemia, kallman syndrome, kinefelter syndrome xxy