The Physiology of GI Disorders

Question 1

side effects of anticholinergic medications

Answer 1

cant pee
cant see
cant spit
cant shit

Question 2

Transdermal scopolamine patches (Scopoderm TTS) to treat drooling.

Answer 2

application of a skin patch behind the ear, at the level of the mastoid process.

Question 3

tomy

Answer 3

surgeon cuts something

Question 4

ectomy

Answer 4

surgeon cuts something out

Question 5

ostomy

Answer 5

surgeon makes an opening

Question 6

plasty

Answer 6

change the shape of something

Question 7

pexy

Answer 7

move organ into right place

Question 8

rraphy

Answer 8

sewed up something

Question 9

desis

Answer 9

make two things stick together

Question 10

Coeliac Disease

Answer 10

heir small intestine (the part of the intestine where food is absorbed) becomes inflamed if they eat food containing gluten. This reaction to gluten makes it difficult for them to digest food and nutrients. Gluten is found in foods that contain wheat, barley and rye (such as bread, pasta, cakes and some breakfast cereals)

Question 11

symtoms of coeliac disease

Answer 11

indigestion, constipation, diarrhoea, bloating or stomach pain. People can also develop anaemia; lose weight; or have ongoing tiredness, thinning bones, reproductive problems, or problems that affect growth or puberty. Some people might have several of these symptoms, but others might have very few or no symptoms. Some people may have had symptoms for a long time.

Question 12

how does the coeliac disease blood test work

Answer 12

• When people with Coeliac Disease eat gluten and their small intestine becomes inflamed, their bodies produce antibodies, which can show up on a blood test.
• Once Coeliac Disease has been diagnosed, the main treatment is to avoid eating foods that contain gluten for the rest of their lives (a lifelong gluten-free diet).

Question 13

Test for coeliac disease in people with these

symptoms or conditions

Answer 13

• Persistent unexplained abdominal and gastrointestinal symptoms
• Faltering growth
• Prolonged fatigue
• Unexpected weight loss
• Severe or persistent mouth ulcers
• Unexplained iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiency

Question 14

Serological testing for coeliac

Answer 14

• Request total immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA tissue transglutaminase (IgA tTG) for serological testing
• A positive serological result is an unequivocally raised IgA tTG.
• If IgA tTG is weakly positive or total IgA is deficient the laboratory should automatically carry out supplementary tests.

Question 15

Complications of Coeliac Disease.

Answer 15

malignancy, especially lymphoma and osteoporosis

Question 16

Dermatitis Herpetiformis (DH).

Answer 16

DH is a skin condition linked to coeliac disease.

• red, raised patches, often with
blisters that burst with scratching
• severe itching and often stinging.
• The rash is most commonly seen on the elbows, knees and buttocks, but any area of the skin can be affected.
• The rash usually occurs symmetrically on the body, for example on both elbows.

Question 17

how is the diagnosis of DH made

Answer 17

skin biopsy, treatment is a gluten free diet, dapsone

Question 18

VOMITING

in the newborn.

Answer 18

When vomiting occurs shortly after birth and is persistent, the possibilities of intestinal obstruction and increased intracranial pressure must be considered.

Question 19

Bile-stained emesis

Answer 19

suggests intestinal obstruction beyond the duodenum and requires investigation.

Question 20

Duodenal atresia.

Answer 20

“double bubble”

Question 21

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). - another cause for vomiting

Answer 21

cured by pyloromyotomy

Question 22

Hirschsprung disease

Answer 22

common cause of
neonatal colonic obstruction.
- hort segment of colonic aganglionosis affecting term neonates, especially boys.
surgical treatment - removal of the effected portion of the colon

Question 23

Paralytic ileus.

Answer 23

functional intestinal obstruction without an actual physical obstruction.

Question 24

Acute Pancreatitis

BAD HABITS

Answer 24

• Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas triggered by release of activated exocrine enzymes into the substance of the organ.