The Physiology of GI Disorders Flashcards
side effects of anticholinergic medications
cant pee
cant see
cant spit
cant shit
Transdermal scopolamine patches (Scopoderm TTS) to treat drooling.
application of a skin patch behind the ear, at the level of the mastoid process.
tomy
surgeon cuts something
ectomy
surgeon cuts something out
ostomy
surgeon makes an opening
plasty
change the shape of something
pexy
move organ into right place
rraphy
sewed up something
desis
make two things stick together
Coeliac Disease
heir small intestine (the part of the intestine where food is absorbed) becomes inflamed if they eat food containing gluten. This reaction to gluten makes it difficult for them to digest food and nutrients. Gluten is found in foods that contain wheat, barley and rye (such as bread, pasta, cakes and some breakfast cereals)
symtoms of coeliac disease
indigestion, constipation, diarrhoea, bloating or stomach pain. People can also develop anaemia; lose weight; or have ongoing tiredness, thinning bones, reproductive problems, or problems that affect growth or puberty. Some people might have several of these symptoms, but others might have very few or no symptoms. Some people may have had symptoms for a long time.
how does the coeliac disease blood test work
- When people with Coeliac Disease eat gluten and their small intestine becomes inflamed, their bodies produce antibodies, which can show up on a blood test.
- Once Coeliac Disease has been diagnosed, the main treatment is to avoid eating foods that contain gluten for the rest of their lives (a lifelong gluten-free diet).
Test for coeliac disease in people with these
symptoms or conditions
- Persistent unexplained abdominal and gastrointestinal symptoms
- Faltering growth
- Prolonged fatigue
- Unexpected weight loss
- Severe or persistent mouth ulcers
- Unexplained iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiency
Serological testing for coeliac
- Request total immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgA tissue transglutaminase (IgA tTG) for serological testing
- A positive serological result is an unequivocally raised IgA tTG.
- If IgA tTG is weakly positive or total IgA is deficient the laboratory should automatically carry out supplementary tests.
Complications of Coeliac Disease.
malignancy, especially lymphoma and osteoporosis
Dermatitis Herpetiformis (DH).
DH is a skin condition linked to coeliac disease.
• red, raised patches, often with
blisters that burst with scratching
• severe itching and often stinging.
• The rash is most commonly seen on the elbows, knees and buttocks, but any area of the skin can be affected.
• The rash usually occurs symmetrically on the body, for example on both elbows.
how is the diagnosis of DH made
skin biopsy, treatment is a gluten free diet, dapsone
VOMITING
in the newborn.
When vomiting occurs shortly after birth and is persistent, the possibilities of intestinal obstruction and increased intracranial pressure must be considered.
Bile-stained emesis
suggests intestinal obstruction beyond the duodenum and requires investigation.
Duodenal atresia.
“double bubble”
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS). - another cause for vomiting
cured by pyloromyotomy
Hirschsprung disease
common cause of
neonatal colonic obstruction.
- hort segment of colonic aganglionosis affecting term neonates, especially boys.
surgical treatment - removal of the effected portion of the colon
Paralytic ileus.
functional intestinal obstruction without an actual physical obstruction.
Acute Pancreatitis
BAD HABITS
• Acute pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas triggered by release of activated exocrine enzymes into the substance of the organ.
