Protozoal and Helminthic Infections

Question 1

what other conditions can cause villus atrophy

Answer 1

• giardia lambda
• lactose intolerance
• coeliac disease
• infections

Question 2

g.lamblia

Answer 2

heart shaped
binucleated
flagellated

Question 3

crypto

Answer 3

25-30 litres of diarrhoea remember its resistant to chlorination

Question 4

Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 4

mostly asymptomatic

bloody diarrhoea as they penetrate the blood vessels and the trophpzoites feed of the lysed cells

Question 5

what are the three types of helminths

Answer 5

nematodes
cestodes
trematodes

Question 6

nematodes

Answer 6

transmission through soil

• swallowing infective eggs
• larval skin penetration and systemic migration though the lung to the intestine (this is known as auto infection as when you cough it up you swallow is again completing the life cycle)

Question 7

how are ascaris lumbricoides and trichiura transmitted

Answer 7

swallowing infective eggs

Question 8

strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 8

larval peneration of skin way