THE PHYLOGENETIC TREE

Question 1

a tree estimating historical conections betwee n species or genes they carry, evolutionary history of relationships of all living things

Answer 1

phylogeny

Question 2

brainching diagram discussing evolutionary history between a group of organisms

Answer 2

phylogenetic tree

Question 3

parts of phylo tree

Answer 3

nodes
taxa
branches
root
clade

Question 4

represented by tips of the tree, may be any taxonomic level and called operaitonal taxonomic units

Answer 4

taxa

Question 5

lines within the phylo tree

Answer 5

branches

Question 6

basal node

Answer 6

root

Question 7

points where branches split off

Answer 7

nodes

Question 8

grouping of an ancestor and all its descendants

Answer 8

clade

Question 9

phylogram vs cladogram

Answer 9

scaled branches vs unscaled

Question 10

recover the geneacology of the taxa and contain sequence only from orthologous genes

Answer 10

species tree

Question 11

gene in different species that evolved from common ancestor

Answer 11

orthologous genes

Question 12

represent evolutionary history of genes included in the study, provide evidence for gene duplicaiton and speciation events

Answer 12

genes tree

Question 13

classification of clades

Answer 13

monophyletic
paraphyletic
polyphyletic

Question 14

“single tribe”, group of organisms forming an ancestor and all its descendantes

Answer 14

monophyletic clade

Question 15

“besides the tribe” excludes species that share a common ancestor with its member

Answer 15

paraphyletic

Question 16

“many tribes”, member’s most common ancestor is not a memeber of the group

Answer 16

polyphyletic

Question 17

given certain probability rules about dna, a tree can be found that reflects tge most likely sequence of evolutionary events

Answer 17

principle of maximum likelihood