circulation in animals

Question 1

minimizes the distances that substances must diffuse to enter or leave a cell.

Answer 1

circulatory system

Question 2

three components of circulatory system

Answer 2

circulatory fluid
interconnecting vessels
muscular pump

Question 3

type of circulatory system where the circulatory fluid bathes the organs directly

Answer 3

open circulatory system

Question 4

the interstitial fluid that bathes body cells in an open circulatory system

Answer 4

hemolymph

Question 5

type of circulatory system where the circulatory fluid is confined to vessels and is distinct from interstitial fluid

Answer 5

closed circulatory system

Question 6

The closed circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates

Answer 6

cardiovascular system

Question 7

carry blood away from the heart to organ throughout the body

Answer 7

arteried

Question 8

Within organs, arteries branch into these, small vessels that convey blood to the capillaries

Answer 8

arterioles

Question 9

microscopic vessels with very thin, porous walls.

Answer 9

capillaries

Question 10

network of capillaries that infiltrate every tissue, passing within a few cell diameters of every cell in the body

Answer 10

capillary beds

Question 11

At their “downstream” end, capillaries converge into____ converge
into ____ that carry blood back to the heart

Answer 11

venules, veins

Question 12

he blood passes through a single circuit – where blood is pumped by the heart to the gills for oxygenation, after which the blood flows to the rest of the body and back to the heart

Answer 12

single circulation

Question 13

A mechanism in which blood circulates twice through the heart in one complete cycle

Answer 13

double circulation.

Question 14

receives blood from body tissues and circulates it through the lungs,

Answer 14

pulmonary circuit

Question 15

pulmocutaneous circuit

Answer 15

includes capillaries in both the lungs and the skin

Question 16

One complete sequence of pumping and filling in the heart

Answer 16

cardiac cycle

Question 17

The contraction and relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle

Answer 17

systole, diastole

Question 18

The volume of blood each ventricle pumps per minute

Answer 18

cardiac output

Question 19

factors that determine cardiac output

Answer 19

heart rate (number of beats per minute)
stroke volume (amount of blood pumped by a single ventricle in a single contraction)

Question 20

liquid matrix that suspend cells of connective tissue of vertebrate blood

Answer 20

plasma

Question 21

fragments of cells in the blood that are involved in the clotting process

Answer 21

platelets

Question 22

component of blood that is by far the most numerous blood cells

Answer 22

erythrocytes

Question 23

five major types of leukocytes

Answer 23

phagocytic
lymphocytes

Question 24

their function in the blood is to fight infections and are also found outside the circulatory system

Answer 24

leukocytes

Question 25

pinched-off cytoplasmic fragments of specialized bone marrow cells. They are about 2–3 μm in diameter and have no nuclei.

Answer 25

platelets