THE PHILIPPINE HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM PT. 2 Flashcards
defined as essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford at every stage of development.
Primary Health Care or PHC defined by WHO
refers to essential health care that is based on scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology, which make universal health care accessible to all individuals and families in community.
PHC defined by Wikipedia
refers to essential health care that is based on scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology, which make universal health care accessible to all individuals and families in community.
PHC defined by Wikipedia
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
BRIEF HISTORY
PHC was declared during the ________ held in ________ on ________ by ____.
First International Conference on Primary Health Care; Alma Ata, USSR; September 6-12, 1978; WHO
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
LEGAL BASIS
Adopted by the Philippines through the ___________ signed by __________ on _______- with an underlying theme ,_________.
Letter of Instruction (LOI) 949 ; President Ferdinand E. Marcos; October 1979; “Health in the Hands of the People by 2020
Goal of Primary Health Care
“Health for All by the year 2000”
The concept of PHC is characterized by ______ and ______ of the people that shall permeate as the core strategy in the effective provision of essential health services that are ______, _______, _______ and _______ at a cost which the community and the government can afford.
partnership and empowerment of the people; community based, accessible, acceptable and sustainable
PHC is a strategy which focuses _______ on the ____, his ____ and the _____; it includes _______ and ___________ towards the development of self-reliant people, capable of achieving an acceptable level of health and well being.
responsibility for health on the individual, his family and the community
full participation; active involvement of the community
PHC also recognizes interrelationship between ____ and the overall ____, _______ and ____ development of society; although the goal of PHC of Health of Health for All in the Year 2020 may have already been challenged as unrealizable in the given time frame, the concept and processes has already taken root all over the world and has shown progress in the lives of peoples in communities it has empowered.
health and the overall political, socio-cultural and economic development of society
ELEMENTS/COMPONENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
- Environmental Sanitation (adequate supply of safe water and good waste disposal)
- Control of Communicable Diseases
- Immunization
- Health Education
- Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning
- Adequate Food and Proper Nutrition
- Provision of Medical Care and Emergency Treatment
8.Treatment of Locally Endemic Diseases - Provision of Essential Drugs
PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
1. _____ and ______ of the ________ with the establishment of functional support mechanism in support of the mandate of devolution under the __________.
Reorientation and reorganization of the national health care system; Local Government Code of 1991
PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
2. ________ and ________ for health action at all levels.
Effective preparation and enabling process
PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
3. ______ of the people to know their communities and identifying their ________ with the end in view of providing appropriate solutions (including legal measures) leading self- measures) leading to self determination.
Mobilization; basic health needs
PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
4. Development and utilization of appropriate ______ focusing on ________ available in and acceptable to the community.
technology; local indigenous resources
PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
5. _________ arising from their expressed needs which they have decided to address and that this is continually ____ in pursuit of their own development.
Organization of communities; evolving
PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
6. ________ for community participation in local level planning, management, monitoring and evaluation within the context of regional and national objectives.
Increase opportunities
PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
7. Development of _________ with other government and private agencies so that programs of the health sector is closely linked with those of other socio-economic sectors of the national, intermediate and community levels.
intra-sectoral linkages
PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
8. Emphasizing _______ so that the health workers and the community leaders/members view each other as partners rather than merely providers and receivers of healthcare especially.
partnership
The framework of meeting the goal of PHC is _________, which calls for active and continuing partnership among the communities, private and government agencies in health development.
organizational strategy
FOUR CORNERSTONES/PILLARS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
1.Active community participation
2. Intra and Inter-sectoral linkages
3. Use of appropriate technology
4. Support mechanism made available.
about avoiding disease before it starts. It has been defined as the plans for, and the measures taken to prevent the onset of a disease or other health problem before the occurrence of the undesirable health event.
LEVELS OF PREVENTION
three distinct levels of prevention
- Primary Prevention
- Secondary Prevention
- Tertiary prevention
-the preventive measure that prevent the onset of illness or injury
before the disease begins.
- directed at preventing a problem before it occurs by altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals.
– General health promotion
– Specific protection
- Primary Prevention
-those preventive measures that lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a disease, illness or injury to prevent more severe problems developing. Here health educators such as Health Extension Practitioners can help individuals acquire the skills of detecting diseases in their early stages
- early detection and prompt intervention during the period of early disease pathogenesis
- Secondary Prevention
- those preventive measures at rehabilitation following significant
illness.
At this level, health services workers can work to retain re-educate and rehabilitate people who have already developed an impairment or
disability; targets populations that have experienced disease or injury and focuses on limitation of disability and rehabilitation. - aims to reduce the effects of disease and injury and to restore individuals to their optimal level of functioning.
- Tertiary prevention
ACTIVITIES / EXAMPLES OF LEVELS OF PREVENTION
Immunization
Promotion of good nutrition
Provision of adequate shelter
Encouraging regular exercise
PRIMARY PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES / EXAMPLES OF LEVELS OF PREVENTION
Screening for sexually transmitted disease Mammography
Blood pressure screening
Newborn screening
Sputum examination
SECONDARY PREVENTION
ACTIVITIES / EXAMPLES OF LEVELS OF PREVENTION
Teaching how to perform insulin injection
Referring a patient with a spinal cord injury
for occupational and physical therapy
TERTIARY PREVENTION
is also referred to as Kalusugan Pangkalahatan(KP) , is the “provision to every Filipino of the highest possible quality of health care that is accessible, efficient, equitably distributed, adequately funded, fairly financed, and appropriately used by an informed and empowered public.”
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE (UHC)
New UHC Act is a critical step towards health for all Filipinos. ____ years after the Philippines made it policy to gradually provide total medical service for its people through a medical care act, the President of the Philippines, ______, signed into law the __________ on _________ at ________.
Fifty; Rodrigo R. Duterte; Universal Health Care Act (Republic Act 11223); February 20, 2019; Malacaňang Palace, Manila
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE (UHC)
Background and Rationale
Filipinos will begin benefitting from the Universal Health Care (UHC) Act this year, with every citizen entitled to _______ that will ________.
health coverage; lower out-of-pocket health expenses
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE (UHC)
Background and Rationale
The passage of the _________ was hailed a path-breaking as it set the direction for the reform of the health care sector in the Philippines.
Republic Act 11223
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE (UHC)
Background and Rationale
WHO earlier urged the Philippine government to make a “_______” in health, as it would save lives.
real investment
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE (UHC)
Background and Rationale
Currently, __________, __________ along with experts and concerned agencies are crafting the ___________.They will have __ days to complete the IRR, which will include details on how the law is executed.
Department of Health (DOH), Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth); Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR); 180
UNIVERSAL HEALTH CARE (UHC)
Background and Rationale
Eight (8) things to know about UHC:
1.All Filipinos are _____.
2. It is not completely ____.
3. PhilHealth will become the “_________” of health goods and services.
4. DOH will still be in charge of “________” health services.
5. Health systems will become ______ and _______.
6. ________ in public health sector.
7. A “___________” (HTAC) will be created.
8. ________ will be collected.
1.All Filipinos are covered.
2. It is not completely free.
3. PhilHealth will become the “national purchaser” of health goods and services.
4. DOH will still be in charge of “population-based” health services.
5. Health systems will become city-wide and province-wide.
6. Return service in public health sector.
7. A “Health Technology and Assessment Council” (HTAC) will be created.
8. Health information will be collected.
Every single Filipino citizen is automatically enrolled into the newly- created National Health Insurance Program (NHIP); two classifications of members:
Direct contributors
Indirect contributors
those who pay PhilHealth premiums, are employed and are bound by an “employer-employee relationship”, e self-earning, professional practitioners, and migrant workers.
Direct contributors
those not considered as direct contributors along with their qualified dependents whose health premiums are
subsidized by the government.
Indirect contributors
The law outlines that basic services accommodations will be covered by PhilHealth.
- It is not completely free.
PhilHealth will be in charge of paying health care providers like hospitals and clinics for services given to Filipinos
Allocating more funds to PhilHealth will also strengthen its negotiating power with heath care providers, which will foreseeably improve the quality of services and lower health costs.
- PhilHealth will become the “national purchaser” of health goods and services.
While PhilHealth, along with other private health insurance companies, is expected to cover services for individuals, the DOH is still in charge of delivering health services that cover the entire population; DOH will do this by contracting public health care providers in cities and provinces.
- DOH will still be in charge of “population-based” health services.
Provinces and highly urbanized cities will now be in charge of overseeing health services in areas as opposed to the current set-up where municipalities and are tasked with managing their own health centers.
DOH will need to work with the Department of the Interior Local Government (DILG) to have province and city-wide health systems or networks in about two years after the law takes effect.
- Health systems will become city-wide and province-wide.
Graduates of health and health-related courses who received government- funded scholarships will be required to work in the public at least 3 full years.
- Return service in public health sector.
is a group of health experts who will be responsible for evaluating latest health developments and recommending their use to DOH and PhilHealth; they will be responsible for assessing the safety and effectiveness of health technology, devices, medicines, vaccines, health procedures and other health- related advances developed to solve health problems.
HTAC; 7. A “Health Technology and Assessment Council” (HTAC) will be created.
Both public and private hospitals and health insurers will be required to maintain a health information system that will contain electronic health records, prescription logs, and “human resource information.”
- Health information will be collected.
