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Block 1: Anatomy > The Peritoneal Cavity > Flashcards

The Peritoneal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Potential space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum containing a thin film of peritoneal fluid

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2
Q

What is ascites?

A

Accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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3
Q

What can the peritoneal cavity be divided into?

A

Greater and lesser sacs

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4
Q

What can the greater sac be subdivided into?

A

Supracolic compartment (above the transverse mesocolon) and infracolic compartment (below the transverse mesocolon)

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5
Q

What organs are contained within the supracolic compartment?

A

Stomach
Liver
Spleen

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6
Q

What organs are contained within the infracolic compartment?

A

Small intestine

Ascending and descending colon

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7
Q

Where are the paracolic gutters found?

A

Between the posterolateral abdominal wall and the lateral aspect of the ascending/ descending colon

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8
Q

Where are the subphrenic recesses found?

A

Potential spaces in the supracolic compartment.
Between the diaphragm and the liver.
Falciform ligament of liver divides recess into left and right.

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9
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the subphrenic recesses?

A

Subphrenic abscesses (accumulation of pus in subphrenic recess)

Often caused by appendicitis or ruptured duodenal ulcers as pus can track to the subphrenic recesses via the right paracolic gutter

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10
Q

Where is the lesser sac?

A

Posterior to the stomach and lesser omentum

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11
Q

What is the function of the lesser sac?

A

Allows stomach to move freely against the structures posterior and inferior to it

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12
Q

What is an alternative name for the lesser sac?

A

Omental Bursa

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13
Q

What is the epiploic foramen?

A

Passage between the greater and lesser sac (situated posterior to the free edge of the lesser omentum - hepatoduodenal ligament)

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14
Q

What is peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

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15
Q

What are the clinical features of peritonitis?

A 
Pain/ tenderness of skin 
Guarding 
Fever
Nausea/ vomiting 
Constipation
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16
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

Continuous membrane lining abdominal cavity and covering the abdominal organs.
Two layers: parietal and visceral

17
Q

Where does the parietal peritoneum derive from embryologically?

A

Somatic mesoderm

18
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum sensitive to?

A

Pressure
Pain
Laceration
Temperature

19
Q

Where does the visceral peritoneum derive from emryologically?

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

20
Q

How is pain in the peritoneum localised?

A

Parietal - well localised

Visceral - poorly localised

21
Q

What nerve innervation does the parietal peritoneum receive?

A

Same somatic supply as the region of the abdominal wall it covers

22
Q

What nerve innervation does the visceral peritoneum receive?

A

Same autonomic supply as the viscera it covers

23
Q

What is visceral peritoneum sensitive to?

A

Stretch

Chemical irritation

24
Q

What are intraperitoneal organs?

A

Organs enveloped in visceral peritoneum (e.g. stomach, liver, spleen)

25
Q

What are retroperitoneal organs?

A

Those not covered by visceral peritoneum (only parietal)

Suprarenal glands
Aorta
Duodenum

Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending + descending) 
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum
26
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A

Primary - those that developed and remained outside the visceral peritoneum

Secondary - those that developed initially as intraperitoneal but became retroperitoneal as their mesentery fused with the posterior abdominal wall

27
Q

What organs are primary retroperitoneal?

A

Oesophagus
Kidneys
Rectum

28
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum connecting intraperitoneal organs to the posterior abdominal wall

29
Q

What is the function of the mesentery?

A

Provides a pathway for nerves, blood vessels and lymphatics to travel from the body wall to the viscera

30
Q

What is an omentum?

A

Sheets of visceral peritoneum extending from the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to other abdominal organs.

31
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

Four layers of visceral peritoneum descending from the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal part of the duodenum before folding back and attaching to the anterior surface of the transverse colon

32
Q

What is the function of the greater omentum?

A

Immunity - able to migrate to infected viscera or site of surgical disturbance

33
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum descending from the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal part of the duodenum to the liver

34
Q

What is the hepatogastric ligament?

A

Flat, broad sheet of the lesser omentum

35
Q

What is the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

Free edge of the lesser omentum containing the portal triad

36
Q

What is a peritoneal ligament?

A

Double fold of peritoneum connecting viscera together or connecting viscera to the abdominal wall

Block 1: Anatomy (11 decks)

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