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Block 1: Anatomy > Small intestine + large intestine > Flashcards

Small intestine + large intestine Flashcards

1
Q

What spinal level does the duodenum sit at?

A

L1-3

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2
Q

Which section of the duodenum is intraperitoneal?

A

Part 1 (superior portion)

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3
Q

What marks the start of part 2 of the duodenum?

A

Major duodenal papilla

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4
Q

Are the jejunum and ileum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal organs?

A

Intraperitoneal

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5
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the jejunum?

A 
Thick intestinal wall
Longer vasa recta (straight arteries) 
Less arcades (arterial loops)
Red in colour 
Located in LUQ
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6
Q

What are the distinguishing features of the ileum?

A 
Thin intestinal wall 
Shorter vasa recta 
More arcades
Pink in colour 
Located in RLQ
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7
Q

What is the blood supply to the duodenum?

A

Part 1 - gastroduodenal branch of the coeliac trunk

Parts 2-4 - inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (branch of the SMA)

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8
Q

What is the venous drainage of the duodenum?

A

Drain into hepatic portal vein

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9
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the duodenum?

A

Pancreaticoduodenal and superior mesenteric nodes

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10
Q

What is the blood supply to the jejunum and ileum?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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11
Q

What are arcades?

A

Branches of the superior mesenteric artery that anastamose to form loops supplying the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine

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12
Q

What are vasa recta?

A

Long, straight arteries that arise from arcades to supply the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine.

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13
Q

What is the venous drainage of the jejunum and ileum?

A

Superior mesenteric vein (which then drains into the hepatic portal vein)

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14
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the jejunum and ileum?

A

Into the superior mesenteric nodes

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15
Q

What is the ileocaecal valve?

A

Seperation of the small and large intestine.

Prevents reflux of enteric fluid from the colon into the small intestine

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16
Q

Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending and descending

17
Q

What are omental appendices?

A

Characteristic feature of the colon

Small pouches of peritoneum filled with fat

18
Q

What is the teniae coli?

A

Three strips of muscle running along the surface of the colon

19
Q

What are haustra?

A

Sacculations of the colon formed by contraction of the teniae coli

20
Q

What is the embryological origin of the colon?

A

Ascending colon and proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon are midgut structures
Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid are hindgut structures

21
Q

What is the blood supply to the ascending colon?

A

Ileocaecal and Right colic branches of the SMA

22
Q

What is the blood supply to the transverse colon?

A

Right and middle colic branches of the SMA

Left colic branch of the IMA

23
Q

What is the blood supply to the transverse colon?

A

Left colic branch of the IMA

24
Q

What is the blood supply to the sigmoid colon?

A

Sigmoidal branches of the IMA

25
Q

What is the venous drainage of the colon?

A

Veins from ascending and transverse colon drain into SMA
Veins from descending and sigmoid colon drain into IMV
SMV and IMV empty into hepatic portal vein

26
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the colon?

A

Midgut structures = superior mesenteric plexus
Hindgut structures = inferior mesenteric plexus (parasympathetic = pelvic splanchnic nerves, sympathetic lumbar splanchnic nerves)

27
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the colon?

A

Midgut structures = superior mesenteric nodes
Hindgut structures = inferior mesenteric nodes
Both drain into cisterna chyli which ultimately drains into the thoracic duct.

28
Q

What specialised tissue features does the small intestine have to aid digestion and absorption?

A

Mucosa has surface villi (finger-like projections) to increase surface area
Each villus contains lymphatic channel known as lacteal
Absorptive cells have microvilli (small projections of the plasma membrane) to increase surface area

29
Q

What is the Ligament of Treitz and its clinical relevancE?

A

Suspensory muscle of the duodenum

Marks the boundary between determining whether a GI bleed is classed as upper or lower

Block 1: Anatomy (11 decks)

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