The peritoneal cavity

Question 1

Define gastrula

Answer 1

The stage following the blastula. Embryo develops 3 layers: ecto-, meso- and endoderm

Question 2

Which organ does the word gastrula refer to?

Answer 2

The stomach

Question 3

When does the alimentary system begin to develop?

Answer 3

2-3 weeks

Question 4

State what originates from the endoderm

Answer 4

Majority of gut, including most of epithelium and glands of digestive tract

Question 5

State what originates from the mesoderm

Answer 5

Muscular layers

Question 6

State what originates from the ectoderm

Answer 6

Epithelium at extremities
of tract (cranial and caudal)

Question 7

Name the two folds during embryological development which form the primitive gut

Answer 7

cranial-caudal

lateral

Question 8

Name the membranes closing the ends at week 4

Answer 8

bucco-pharyngeal

cloacal

Question 9

Describe the contents of the foregut

Answer 9

Oesophagus
Stomach
Proximal half Duodenum
Liver
Pancreas

Question 10

Describe the contents of the midgut

Answer 10

Distal half duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Asc. + ¾ Transv. Colon

Question 11

Describe the contents of the hindgut

Answer 11

¼ Transv. + Desc. + Sigmoid Colon & rectum

Question 12

How is the primitive gut held in position?

Answer 12

By mesenteries

Question 13

What is the parietal peritoneum?

Answer 13

Layer of fascia

Question 14

What is a mesentery?

Answer 14

Formed by a double layer of peritoneum

Question 15

List the functions of mesentery

Answer 15

Suspends gut organs

Pathway for blood, innervation, lymphatics etc to reach the gut

Question 16

Ventral mesentery degenerates during development, except for…

Answer 16

Foregut

Question 17

Describe dorsal mesentery

Answer 17

Attaches gut organs to posterior abdominal wall

Question 18

What does the dorsal mesentery give rise to?

Answer 18

Mesentery of small & large intestine
Greater omentum
Lienorenal ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament

Question 19

What does the ventral mesentery give rise to?

Answer 19

Ligaments around the liver
Lesser omentum
Falciform ligament

Question 20

Describe the lesser omentum

Answer 20

Attaches lesser curvature stomach to back of liver

Has a free edge

Question 21

Where is the ventral mesentery?

Answer 21

Foregut only

Question 22

What is the inguinal ligament?

Answer 22

From ASIS to pubic tubercle

Question 23

Describe the external oblique

Answer 23

From: outer surface of lower eight ribs
To: linea alba
iliac crest
pubic tubercle

Question 24

In which direction do the fibres of the external obliques go?

Answer 24

Hands in pockets

Question 25

Describe the internal obliques

Answer 25

``` From: lat 1/3 inguinal ligament ant 2/3 of iliac crest To: linea alba costal margin crest of pubic bone ```

Question 26

In which direction do the fibres of the internal obliques go?

Answer 26

Hands on tits

Question 27

Describe the transversus abdominis

Answer 27

``` From: lat 1/3 inguinal ligament int surf lower 6 ribs iliac crest To: linea alba crest of pubic bone ```

Question 28

Describe the rectus abdominis

Answer 28

From: pubic symphysis + crest To: xyphoid process 5th-7th costal cartilages

Question 29

Describe the function of external oblique

Answer 29

work with Int Obl for torsional movement of trunk

Question 30

Describe the function of internal oblique

Answer 30

flex and rotate trunk; compress viscera

Question 31

Describe the function of transverse abdominis

Answer 31

compress and support viscera

Question 32

Describe the function of rectus abdominis

Answer 32

flexes trunk; compress viscera

Question 33

Name the veins and arteries supplying the abdominal muscles

Answer 33

Arteries: Sup and Inf epigastric, intercostal, circumflex iliac Veins: thoracoepigastric (between lat thoracic and Sup epigastric)

Question 34

Name the innervation of the abdominal muscles

Answer 34

``` Thoracoabdominal nerves (also thoracic and subcostal nerves for rectus abdominis) ```

Question 35

What is meant by retroperitoneal?

Answer 35

An organ found in more than one cavity.

Question 36

How are the greater and lesser sacs formed?

Answer 36

Result of organ rotation

Question 37

How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?

Answer 37

Epiploic foramen (of Winslow)

Question 38

Where is the lesser sac found?

Answer 38

Behind the stomach

Question 39

What goes through the inguinal canal?

Answer 39

Spermatic cord to reach the scrotum in the male The round ligament of the uterus to reach the labia majora in the female For both genders the genital nerve (a branch from the genitofemoral) and other blood and lymphatic vessels also travel through this canal

Question 40

Which gender has a larger inguinal canal?

Answer 40

Men

Question 41

How many layers form the wall of the spermatic cord?

Answer 41

3