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The alimentary system > The peritoneal cavity > Flashcards

The peritoneal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Define gastrula

A

The stage following the blastula. Embryo develops 3 layers: ecto-, meso- and endoderm

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2
Q

Which organ does the word gastrula refer to?

A

The stomach

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3
Q

When does the alimentary system begin to develop?

A

2-3 weeks

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4
Q

State what originates from the endoderm

A

Majority of gut, including most of epithelium and glands of digestive tract

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5
Q

State what originates from the mesoderm

A

Muscular layers

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6
Q

State what originates from the ectoderm

A 
Epithelium at extremities
of tract (cranial and caudal)
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7
Q

Name the two folds during embryological development which form the primitive gut

A

cranial-caudal

lateral

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8
Q

Name the membranes closing the ends at week 4

A

bucco-pharyngeal

cloacal

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9
Q

Describe the contents of the foregut

A 
Oesophagus
Stomach
Proximal half Duodenum
Liver
Pancreas
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10
Q

Describe the contents of the midgut

A

Distal half duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Asc. + ¾ Transv. Colon

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11
Q

Describe the contents of the hindgut

A

¼ Transv. + Desc. + Sigmoid Colon & rectum

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12
Q

How is the primitive gut held in position?

A

By mesenteries

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13
Q

What is the parietal peritoneum?

A

Layer of fascia

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14
Q

What is a mesentery?

A

Formed by a double layer of peritoneum

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15
Q

List the functions of mesentery

A

Suspends gut organs

Pathway for blood, innervation, lymphatics etc to reach the gut

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16
Q

Ventral mesentery degenerates during development, except for…

A

Foregut

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17
Q

Describe dorsal mesentery

A

Attaches gut organs to posterior abdominal wall

18
Q

What does the dorsal mesentery give rise to?

A

Mesentery of small & large intestine
Greater omentum
Lienorenal ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament

19
Q

What does the ventral mesentery give rise to?

A

Ligaments around the liver
Lesser omentum
Falciform ligament

20
Q

Describe the lesser omentum

A

Attaches lesser curvature stomach to back of liver

Has a free edge

21
Q

Where is the ventral mesentery?

A

Foregut only

22
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

From ASIS to pubic tubercle

23
Q

Describe the external oblique

A

From: outer surface of lower eight ribs
To: linea alba
iliac crest
pubic tubercle

24
Q

In which direction do the fibres of the external obliques go?

A

Hands in pockets

25
Q

Describe the internal obliques

A 
From: 	lat 1/3 inguinal ligament
		ant 2/3 of iliac crest
To: 	linea alba
	costal margin
	crest of pubic bone
26
Q

In which direction do the fibres of the internal obliques go?

A

Hands on tits

27
Q

Describe the transversus abdominis

A 
From: 	lat 1/3 inguinal ligament
		int surf lower 6 ribs
		iliac crest
To: 	linea alba
	crest of pubic bone
28
Q

Describe the rectus abdominis

A

From: pubic symphysis + crest
To: xyphoid process
5th-7th costal cartilages

29
Q

Describe the function of external oblique

A

work with Int Obl for torsional movement of trunk

30
Q

Describe the function of internal oblique

A

flex and rotate trunk; compress viscera

31
Q

Describe the function of transverse abdominis

A

compress and support viscera

32
Q

Describe the function of rectus abdominis

A

flexes trunk; compress viscera

33
Q

Name the veins and arteries supplying the abdominal muscles

A

Arteries: Sup and Inf epigastric, intercostal,
circumflex iliac
Veins: thoracoepigastric
(between lat thoracic and Sup epigastric)

34
Q

Name the innervation of the abdominal muscles

A 
Thoracoabdominal nerves (also thoracic
and subcostal nerves for rectus abdominis)
35
Q

What is meant by retroperitoneal?

A

An organ found in more than one cavity.

36
Q

How are the greater and lesser sacs formed?

A

Result of organ rotation

37
Q

How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?

A

Epiploic foramen (of Winslow)

38
Q

Where is the lesser sac found?

A

Behind the stomach

39
Q

What goes through the inguinal canal?

A

Spermatic cord to reach the scrotum in the male
The round ligament of the uterus to reach the labia majora in the female
For both genders the genital nerve (a branch from the genitofemoral) and other blood and lymphatic vessels also travel through this canal

40
Q

Which gender has a larger inguinal canal?

A

Men

41
Q

How many layers form the wall of the spermatic cord?

A

3

The alimentary system (21 decks)

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