Contents of the abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 main layers of the alimentary system (histology)

A

Serous
Muscular
Mucosal

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2
Q

Describe the function of the serous layer

A

the outer membrane; encloses several body cavities; secrete a lubricating fluid; outer epithelial layer (secretory) and inner layer (connective tissue with vessels)

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3
Q

Describe the function of the muscular layer

A

longitudinal or circular; responsible for movement of lumen contents

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4
Q

Describe the function of the mucosal layer

A

inner layer; lines internal organs or cavities exposed to external environment; secrete mucus; also involved in absorption

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5
Q

What is the function of the palate?

A

Roof of mouth; soft palate blocks nasal cavity during swallowing

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6
Q

What is the role of the pharynx?

A

Directs food to oesophagus; blocks entry to trachea

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7
Q

Where is the oesophagus found in relation to the trachea?

A

Posterior

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8
Q

Where is the oesophagus found in relation to the aorta?

A

Inferior

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9
Q

Where is the stomach in relation to the heart?

A

Directly under it

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10
Q

Give the name of the structure linking the stomach to the oesophagus?

A

Cardial orifice

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11
Q

Give the name of the structure linking the stomach to the small intestine?

A

Pyloric orifice

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12
Q

What structures are associated with orifices

A

Sphincters

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13
Q

Give the names of the 3 types of stomach muscle

A

longitudinal, circular, oblique

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14
Q

What is the small intestine subdivided into?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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15
Q

Duodenum is a … organ

A

Reteroperitoneal

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16
Q

What does retroperitoneal mean?

A

Hiddden within peritoneum

17
Q

Describe the structure of the duodenum

A

C shaped – 4 parts:

superior, descending, horizontal, ascending

18
Q

Where does the duodenum end?

A

Ends at the duodenal – jejunal flexure

19
Q

Where does the jejunum run from?

A

duodenal - jejunal flexure to

ileocaecal junction

20
Q

What is the function and structure of the jejunum?

A

Site of absorption: large surface area, further increased by circular folds + villi + microvilli; motility

21
Q

Describe the structure of the large intestine

A

M shaped – 4 parts (from right to left):

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

22
Q

Which parts of the M shaped large intestine are retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending/descending

23
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Digestion and absorption

24
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Absorption of water, form faeces and expelling these

defecating

25
What are the branches of the superior mesenteric?
Jejunal and ileal branches Middle colic Right colic Ileocaecal
26
What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric?
Left colic Sigmoid Superior rectal
27
Where does the superior mesenteric run?
Distal part duodenum to proximal 2/3 | transverse colon
28
Where does the inferior mesenteric run?
Distal 1/3 transverse colon to half way down anal canal
29
Name the lymphatics in this section
Superior mesenteric nodes Inferior mesenteric nodes
30
Which are prevertebral and which are paravertebral: (a) Splanchnic nerves (b) Sympathetic trunk and ganglia
(a) Prevertebral | (b) Paravertebral