Contents of the abdomen

Question 1

Name the 3 main layers of the alimentary system (histology)

Answer 1

Serous
Muscular
Mucosal

Question 2

Describe the function of the serous layer

Answer 2

the outer membrane; encloses several body cavities; secrete a lubricating fluid; outer epithelial layer (secretory) and inner layer (connective tissue with vessels)

Question 3

Describe the function of the muscular layer

Answer 3

longitudinal or circular; responsible for movement of lumen contents

Question 4

Describe the function of the mucosal layer

Answer 4

inner layer; lines internal organs or cavities exposed to external environment; secrete mucus; also involved in absorption

Question 5

What is the function of the palate?

Answer 5

Roof of mouth; soft palate blocks nasal cavity during swallowing

Question 6

What is the role of the pharynx?

Answer 6

Directs food to oesophagus; blocks entry to trachea

Question 7

Where is the oesophagus found in relation to the trachea?

Answer 7

Posterior

Question 8

Where is the oesophagus found in relation to the aorta?

Answer 8

Inferior

Question 9

Where is the stomach in relation to the heart?

Answer 9

Directly under it

Question 10

Give the name of the structure linking the stomach to the oesophagus?

Answer 10

Cardial orifice

Question 11

Give the name of the structure linking the stomach to the small intestine?

Answer 11

Pyloric orifice

Question 12

What structures are associated with orifices

Answer 12

Sphincters

Question 13

Give the names of the 3 types of stomach muscle

Answer 13

longitudinal, circular, oblique

Question 14

What is the small intestine subdivided into?

Answer 14

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 15

Duodenum is a … organ

Answer 15

Reteroperitoneal

Question 16

What does retroperitoneal mean?

Answer 16

Hiddden within peritoneum

Question 17

Describe the structure of the duodenum

Answer 17

C shaped – 4 parts:

superior, descending, horizontal, ascending

Question 18

Where does the duodenum end?

Answer 18

Ends at the duodenal – jejunal flexure

Question 19

Where does the jejunum run from?

Answer 19

duodenal - jejunal flexure to

ileocaecal junction

Question 20

What is the function and structure of the jejunum?

Answer 20

Site of absorption: large surface area, further increased by circular folds + villi + microvilli; motility

Question 21

Describe the structure of the large intestine

Answer 21

M shaped – 4 parts (from right to left):

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

Question 22

Which parts of the M shaped large intestine are retroperitoneal?

Answer 22

Ascending/descending

Question 23

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 23

Digestion and absorption

Question 24

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 24

Absorption of water, form faeces and expelling these

defecating

Question 25

What are the branches of the superior mesenteric?

Answer 25

Jejunal and ileal branches

Middle colic

Right colic

Ileocaecal

Question 26

What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric?

Answer 26

Left colic

Sigmoid

Superior rectal

Question 27

Where does the superior mesenteric run?

Answer 27

Distal part duodenum to proximal 2/3

transverse colon

Question 28

Where does the inferior mesenteric run?

Answer 28

Distal 1/3 transverse colon to half way down anal canal

Question 29

Name the lymphatics in this section

Answer 29

Superior mesenteric nodes

Inferior mesenteric nodes

Question 30

Which are prevertebral and which are paravertebral:

(a) Splanchnic nerves
(b) Sympathetic trunk and ganglia

Answer 30

(a) Prevertebral

(b) Paravertebral