The Periodontium: Anatomy & Function

Question 1

what does periodontium compromise of

Answer 1

gingiva
PDL
alveolar bone
cementum

Question 2

what si th function of periodontium

Answer 2

• attachment of teeth to the jaws

- support during masticatory function

Question 3

what seen at gingival margin

Answer 3

free gingiva - not actually attached - sulcus in health

Question 4

where does gingiva end

Answer 4

Mucogingival Junction

Question 5

what sialevolar mucosa

Answer 5

mobile alveolar mucosa

appears red so see underlying blood vessels not keratinised

Question 6

gingiva divided into 2

Answer 6

free

attached

Question 7

what is free gingiva

Answer 7

coronal to the epi attachment

Question 8

attached

Answer 8

tightly bound to underlying bone -mucoperiosteum

Question 9

what sit he function of the gingiva

Answer 9

attachment between oral mucous mem and teeth

prevent bac invasion

Question 10

in heath gingiva is attached

Answer 10

to the teeth at or just corona to ACJ

Question 11

what does gingiva compromise of

Answer 11

fibrous CT covered by epi

extends from mucogingial junction to tooth surface

Question 12

gingival health

Answer 12

stippled
pink
ifirm 
interdental papillae fill spaces 
no BOP

Question 13

what overlies gingiva

Answer 13

Stratified squamous epi

Question 14

what is start sq epi compose of

Answer 14

keratinocytes

non keratinocytes

Question 15

what are some non keratinocytes (clear cells) in epi

Answer 15

langerhans cells
melanocytes
lymphocytes
merkel cells

Question 16

what are langerhans cells

Answer 16

defence

APC

Question 17

what are melanocytes

Answer 17

prod pigment - melanin

Question 18

what are merkel cells

Answer 18

slow adapt sensory touch receptors

Question 19

what are the layers of keratinised sites

Answer 19

basal cells layer
prickle cell layer
granular cell layer
keratinised

Question 20

what is a life cycle keratinocyte

Answer 20

cell div at basal layer
move through epi to surface
cels increase size and become more flat and keratin produced
differentiation

Question 21

where is non keratinised ares

Answer 21

alveolar mucosa

Question 22

during epi diff what are syn

Answer 22

mem coat granules in prickle and granular cell layers

Question 23

what doe MCG contain

Answer 23

lipids discharges into space for barrier free perm water and water sol subs

Question 24

where is oral sulcular epi

Answer 24

faces towards th tooth but not attached

Question 25

what is junctional epi

Answer 25

weak point in gingiva | contact with tooth

Question 26

oral gigniavle epi profile

Answer 26

start squamous epi orhtokeratinised - keratin cels flatt and no nuclei

Question 27

what are rte pegs

Answer 27

papillae go int unduly CT oral gingival epi

Question 28

what is oral sulcular epi profile

Answer 28

``` lines gingival sulcus face tooth surface ono keratinsied shallow rete peg pattern no epi attach ```

Question 29

what does JE from

Answer 29

epi attach of tooth

Question 30

what do semi desmosomes do

Answer 30

anchor basal keratinocytes to base mem

Question 31

how is JE formed

Answer 31

fusion REE with oral epi on tooth eruption

Question 32

where does jE stabilise

Answer 32

near ACJ

Question 33

where does JE terminate

Answer 33

coronally in the base of gingival crevice

Question 34

how are JE cells orientated

Answer 34

parallel to tooth surface

Question 35

what si the turnover of JE

Answer 35

every 4-11 days

Question 36

what can enter JE for defence

Answer 36

neutrophils

Question 37

how are JE dif

Answer 37

poorly differentiated and don't syn MCG

Question 38

whats the gingiva CT

Answer 38

main component gingiva vascular CT prod by fibroblast

Question 39

what are the main components CT

Answer 39

collagen fibres 60% | ECM

Question 40

wha are the cell types in CT

Answer 40

fibroblasts macrophages polymorphs lymphocytes and plasma cells

Question 41

what are fibroblasts

Answer 41

spindle shaped or stellate | oval nuc

Question 42

what are macrophages

Answer 42

inflame fence cells

Question 43

who is collagen in CT arranged

Answer 43

bundles type 1 collagen - circular - trans sepal - dentogingival - dentoperiosteal - crystal

Question 44

what does ct do

Answer 44

attaches gingival tissues tooth and bone

Question 45

what are crystal fibres

Answer 45

fan out from the crest of alveolar bone into the attached gingiva

Question 46

what is the CT ECM

Answer 46

complex network polysacs and proteins sec by cells - struct element - development - physiology

Question 47

ECM sun by

Answer 47

fibroblast

Question 48

what does ECM include in it

Answer 48

GAGs proteoglycans glycprotiens

Question 49

what si most common GAG

Answer 49

hyalouronan

Question 50

what are GAGs

Answer 50

-ve charge long unbranched polysac - bind a lot water - compressive forces resisted act as hydrostatic cushion nutrient transport

Question 51

what is the PDL

Answer 51

sp vasc CT - continuous with gingiva an pulp - derived dental follicle - fibros attach tooth

Question 52

where does PDL insert

Answer 52

root cementum one side and onto alveolar bone on th other

Question 53

what sit he physical function of pDL

Answer 53

attach teeth - support abs- transmission forces tooth moveemtn

Question 54

what are the other functions of PDL

Answer 54

tissue formation nutrition to bone and cementum sensory

Question 55

what senses does PDL pick uup

Answer 55

``` mechanoreception touch reflexes noccieption pain ```

Question 56

what sit he variable width of PDL

Answer 56

range 0.15mm to 0.38mm thinnest in middle 1/3 of tooth decreases width with age