Anatomy and function 2

Question 1

what is PDL structure

Answer 1

principle fibres 
loose CT 
blast and class cells
oxytalan fibres
cell rests of malazzes

Question 2

what is in loose CT

Answer 2

collagen fibres 
fibroblasts 
ground sub - gags 
cells 
nerves 
vessels - blood and lymphatic

Question 3

what ar the principal fibres

Answer 3

attach to cementum to bone

- SHRPEYS

Question 4

how are the principle/sharpey fibres arranged

Answer 4

oblique 
apical
horizontal
alveolar crest 
inter radicular

Question 5

what si the collagen in PDL

Answer 5

main type 1

some type 3 and 2

Question 6

type 3 collagen is

Answer 6

more fibrillar some elasticity with it

Question 7

what turns collagen over

Answer 7

formation

broken down by fibroblasts

Question 8

how often is PDL turnover

Answer 8

half life approx 3 days around apex

Question 9

what are celsin loose CT

Answer 9

fibroblasts
undiff mesenchymal cells
defence cells

Question 10

what does PDl ECM include

Answer 10

hyalouronan
heparin sulpahte
chondroitin-4,6- sulphate

Question 11

ECM is imp for bind…

Answer 11

water
hydrostatic cushion
withstand forces of mastication

Question 12

what si the nerve of PDL

Answer 12

autonomic

primary afferent

Question 13

what si the autonomic nerve supply of PDL

Answer 13

symp
- c fibres
vasocons

Question 14

what is the primary afferent nerve supply in PDL

Answer 14

mechnaorceeptos a delta

nociceptor

Question 15

what si the term to describe the blood vessels assc with pulp

Answer 15

heavy anastomosis

dense 3d network

Question 16

what are the 3 principle sources of blood vesless

Answer 16

apical
perforating
gingival

Question 17

what are blast cells

Answer 17

add totissue

from undiff CT cells

Question 18

what do blasts cells form

Answer 18

cemntobasts

osteoblasts

Question 19

what are clast cells

Answer 19

from bone marrow
remove tissue
multinucleate cells
appear on resorbing surface

Question 20

what do cost cells for

Answer 20

cemtoclasts

osteoclasts

Question 21

what are oxytalin fibres

Answer 21

elastic
unique PDL
insert to ceemtum

Question 22

hat are the 2 directions the pxtalin fibres run

Answer 22

paralel to rot surface

oblique to root surface

Question 23

what is the function of oxytalin fibres

Answer 23

maintain potency blood vessel during occlusion

diced fibroblast migration during erutipn

Question 24

what are the rest cells of malassez

Answer 24

remnants epi HERS

Question 25

what do cell rests of malaisez do

Answer 25

plexus form around tooth prevent ankylosis cyst formation

Question 26

wat is the alv bone

Answer 26

max and mand bone surround/support tooth | cancellous with compact covering

Question 27

what inserts onto alvbone

Answer 27

PDL fibres | sharpeys fibres

Question 28

what is bundle bone

Answer 28

tooth attach to bone - socket

Question 29

what perforates the bundle bone

Answer 29

blood vessels - CRIBORFOM PLATE

Question 30

in radiograph what is he opaque white line around the root

Answer 30

lamina dura

Question 31

what si the turnover of alv bone like

Answer 31

constant turnover systemic + local factors remodel in response to functional demands

Question 32

what does resorption factors target

Answer 32

osteoblasts which then instruct osteoclasts to remove bone

Question 33

what is cementum

Answer 33

mineralised tissue with similar composition to bone which covers the root surface

Question 34

what re the proeptires of cementum

Answer 34

less min than bone and dentine avascular not innervated

Question 35

what is cementum anchorage fro

Answer 35

PDL fibres onto teeth | sharpeys

Question 36

what are the types of cementum

Answer 36

cellular | acellular

Question 37

what is tissue homeostasis

Answer 37

controlled by synthesis and breakdown of tissue which ensures the maintenance of the compositor volume and integrity respond to functional demands

Question 38

what stem cells

Answer 38

minority of cells in basal layer retain ability to divide throughout life renewal epi

Question 39

epi turnover is influenced by factor affecting rate of

Answer 39

``` cell division proliferation maturation move cell through prickle cell layer desquamation ```

Question 40

what are some hormones affect epi turnover

Answer 40

oestrogen (increases) adrenaline (reduces) corticosteroids (reduce)

Question 41

what are cytokines

Answer 41

proteins/glycoprotiens prod by various cell types which regulate growth and diff other cells

Question 42

what are some cytokines that stimulate keratinocyte division

Answer 42

TGF(alpha) | EGF

Question 43

what is a cytokine that inhibits keratinocyte division

Answer 43

TGF(beta)

Question 44

where does cell division occur

Answer 44

basal cell layer

Question 45

what are fibroblasts

Answer 45

responsible fro collagen and extracellular matrix | - sec collagenases - break collagen down

Question 46

how else do fibroblasts release collagenases

Answer 46

release tissue inhibitors of metalloproetinases which = colagenases

Question 47

what are the stimulatory cytokines that imp for CT turnover

Answer 47

PDGF FGF TGF(beta)

Question 48

what re some inhibitory cytokines that imp for CT turnover

Answer 48

IL-1 | IFN(gamma)

Question 49

what are some factors stimulate local perio bone resorption

Answer 49

prostaglandin E2 IL-1 TNF(alpha and beta)