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PAP > plaque & Gingivitis > Flashcards

plaque & Gingivitis Flashcards

1
Q

what sit he evidence of plaque causing gingivitis

A

epidemiological evidence

experimental gingivitis studies

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2
Q

what is the epidemiological evidence

A

more plaque assc with greater levels of gingivitis

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3
Q

what is the experimental gingivitis studies

A

group of carefully controlled experimental studies where plaque its allowed to develop

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4
Q

who carried ou experimental gingivitis studies and what are the findings

A

prof harold loe

gingivitis develops with appear of supragigival plaque
resolves with loss of supra gingival plaque

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5
Q

what si the significance of loe’s findings

A

classic study relationship between plaque and gingivitis
stop OH for 21days
then tooth brush recommence

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6
Q

what sit he plaque index

A 
qualitative ranked scale 
0 - no plaque 
1 - thin film of plaque
2 - moderate 
3 - gross deposits on tooth
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7
Q

what si th gingival index

A

qualititataive ranked scale
0 - healthy
1 - mild inflam - no BOP, slight colour change
2 - moderate - red, oedema, BOP
3 - severe - red, oedema, ulceration, spontaneous bleed

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8
Q

what does ceasing OH do

A

plaque accumulation

gingivitis

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9
Q

when does clinically obi gingivitis appear

A

10-21 days without OH

this is reversible

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10
Q

what does chlorhexidine do in relation to gingivitis

A

restart OH
remove plaque
excluded idea that mechanical stimulation of gingiva was involed

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11
Q

how does age inflict upon gingivitis

A

children

  • accumulate large amounts of plaque
  • show little gingival inflammation

elderly - severe inflam assc with small amount plaque

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12
Q

what is the conclusions assc with OH

A

very 48 hours meticulous hygiene needed atlas 2/3 times a day

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13
Q

what is the plaque theory assc bacteria

A

greater bac in indiv w/inflam gingiva
topical Ab reduce
bac = pahtogens can prod damaging enzymes etc

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14
Q

what si the epidemiology of the plaque theory

A

OH related to perio disease

OH control reduced incidence of gingivitis

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15
Q

what were the animal studies of the plaque theory

A

beagle dogs

mech abuse in germ free animals did not cause gingival inflam

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16
Q

what is the immunology assc with plaque theory

A

Abs for plaque bac ic when gingivalinflm present

inc lymphocytes

17
Q

what are the 3 types of plaque hypotheses

A

sp
non sp
ecological plaque

18
Q

what is the sp plaque hypothesis

A

since pathogen in plaque
(actinomyces, spirochetes, GNAB)
no evidence of removing one sp preventing disease

19
Q

what is the periodontal pathogen

A

high num assc with disease
pt show immune response
clinical treat target microbe should produce clinicalimporveent

20
Q

what sit he non sp plaque hypothesis

A

no single organism
bac prolif overocmes host resist
combined virulence factors
to rid need total value control - scale and too planing

21
Q

why sit he mechanism of no sp plaque hypothesis

A

vary sp, high numbers
protected from abrasion
external to host defences

22
Q

what are some products of no sp plaque bacteria

A 
endotoxins - LPS 
exotoxins 
fermentation products 
enzymes 
adjuvants 
matrix
23
Q

what sit he ecological plaque hypothesis

A

all bac sp contribute
envy conditions lead to build virulent bac
- cause egingivitsi and also periodontitis
total plaque control to treat

24
Q

what are some sp species asscw tis gingivitis

A 
porphyromonas gigivalis
prevotella intimedia
tannerlla forsyhtia 
fusobacterium nucleatum 
aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
25
Q

what sit he keystone pathogen of the ecological plaque hypothesis

A

holds together central given stimulus

colonisation facilitated by other microbes

26
Q

what sit he mechanism of ecological sitch

A

tissue invasion or physical trauma
spirochetes
anaerobes disturbed by oxygen from blood cap net
ulceration or tooth move

PAP (4 decks)

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