The periodic table, atomic structure and bonding Flashcards
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What are atoms made up of?
Electrons
Neutrons
Protons
What is the neclues made up of?
Protons
Neutrons
What do the electrons in an atom make and where are they?
The outer shell of the atom
Are atoms postivitly charged?
It is neutrual as atoms hae tthe same number of proton’s and electrons
unless ionic bonding has taken place
what is the atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus
this is used to arrange the elements in the periodic table
what is the atomic mass
the total mass of protons and neutrons
what surrounds the nucleus
the shell
what is the periodic table
the periodic table lists all elements
2 differences of mendeleevs periodic table to the modern periodic table
mendeleevs periodic table didn’t have noble gases and it arranged the elements in atomic mass instead of atomic number
what is in group 1 of the periodic table
alkali metals
what is in group 2 of the periodic table
alkaline earth metals
what is in group 7 of the periodic table
halogens
what is in group 0 of the periodic table
noble gases
what is sodium chloride made up of
one sodium atom and one chlorine atom
what is potassim oxide made up of
2 potassium atoms and one oxygen atom
what is magnesium chloride made up of
one magnesium atom and 2 chlorine atoms
what is magnesium oxide made up of
1 magnesium and one oxygen
what is alluminium chloride made up of
one alluminium atom and 3 chlorine atoms
what is alluminium oxide made up of
2 alluminium atoms and 3 oxygen atoms
waht are alkali metals
all alkali metals are soft grey solids they are very reactive and have to be stored in oil to stop them from reacting with the moisture in the air very reactive in water
what happens if a small piece of sodium is added to water
if sodium is added it floats on the surface and moves about bubbles and a gas is produced and it sometimes burns with a yellow flame
what happens if a piece of potassium is added to water
if a small piece of potasssium is added to water it floats on the surface there are bubbles as a gas is produced it burns in a lilac flame
what happens if a piece of lithium is added to water
the lithium floats on the surface moves around and bubbles of gas are produced heat is released and a colourlesss solution is left
what are ionic compounds
ionic compounds are compounds that contain a metal and a non metal for example sodium chloride
how do you for an ionic compound
when an ionic compound forms from the atoms of its elements a transfer of electrons occurs metal atoms lose their outer shell and become a positive element and the non metal becomes a negative
what is a covalent compound
when a non metal atom bond to form compounds they share electrons non metal atoms share electrons to get a full outer shell the shared electrons count towards the outer shell for both electrons
how many shared pairs and lone pairs of electrons does a hydrogen molecule have
1 pair and 0 lone pairs
how many shared pairs and lone pairs of electrons does a hydrogen chloride
molecule have
1 shaired pair and 3 lone pairs
how many shared pairs and lone pairs of electrons does a water molecule have
2 shaired and 2 lone pairs
