Chemistry Flashcards
What is an Element
Elements are made up of one type of atom.
What is a Compound?
They have more than one type of atom which cannot easily be separated. Example H20 (Water)
What is a mixture?
A mixture is made up of one or more substances but not chemically joined
ELEMENT, COMPOUND or MIXTURE
What is Silver?
ELEMENT
Is it elenment, compound or mixture
What is Water
Compound
Is it an element, compound or mixture?
What is Oxygen?
Compound
Is it an element, compound or mixture?
What is Salt (Sodium Chloride)?
Compound
Is it an element, compound or mixture?
What is sea water?
mixture
Is it an element, compound or mixture?
What is carbon dioxide
compound
Is it an element, compound or mixture?
What is Nitrogen?
element
Is it an element, compound or mixture?
What is air?
mixture
Define freezing?
it is the change of state of a liquid to a solid
Define condensing
This is the process of moving a gas to a liquid
Define sublimation
turning a solid into a gas
Meling ice is a physcal reaction - what is a physical reaction?
This is the process of changing a state change from say liquid to gas, water to steam.
Meling ice is a physcal reaction, can you give another example?
Define what the boiling point is
This is the temp that a elelment will start to change state from a liquid to a gas.
Define the the term ‘melting point’
This is the temp that an element will start to turn from a solid to a liquid.
What is a pure substance?
They contain a single element or compound with no other substance.
They wiil have a defined melting and boiling point.
What is an impurity in a substance?
This is where an otherwise pure substance has small amounts of other substances.
If you have an impure substance, will they have a defined melting and boiling point?
No, impure substances could boil or melt at different tempraters/.
How can you separate a mixture?
filtation
evapourartion
simple distilliation
paper chromatography
What does soluable mean?
This means that a solid can disolve in a liquid
Example Salt in Water
What does insoluable mean?
This means that a solid cannot disolve in a liquid.
Example Sand in water
What is a solute?
The solid disovled into a liquid is called a solute.The solute and solvent create a solution.
Salt is the solute when it is disovled into water and the solution is sa
What is a solvent?
This is the liquid that a solid has been disolved into. The solute and solvent create a solution.
Water is the solvent when salt is disolved into it and the solution is s
How could I separate sand from water?
What apparatus do I need?
What would the sand and water be called once separated?
Sand is insoluable.
Filteration can be used.
A filter funnel and filter paper would be used,
The sand is left in the filter paper and is called residue.
The liquid in the filter funnel is called the residue.
Example salty water
How could I separate a solution?
How does this work?
Evapouration could be used
An evapourating dish and Bunsern buner is used
The salter water is heated and the water will evapourate when boilded to leave behine the salt - which is called the residue.
Copper sulfate cystrals from copper sulfate solution
Evapouration is one way to separate a solution can you name another?
how does this work?
Crystalisation
You heat the mixture to boiling
As it cools someof the solute crystalisaises and then evapouration can be used to remove the remaing of the liquid.
What is disitliation?
What do you use?
Disitliation can be used to separate a solvent from a solution.
Liebig Condenser, a round bottom glass and a bunser burner.
The mixture is heated until it boils and the vapour passes through the condenser where it cools and becomes a liquid again.
It works because the two liquids have two different boiling points,
How does paper chromatography work?
Is used to separate mixtures of substances dissolved in solvent.
For example different cloured ink or dyes.
Draw a 1cm line at bottom of the paper
put a small spot of each substance on the line - label
place paper in a beaker with small amount of solvent
Leave for a few mins - so solvent can travel up paper
when solvent near the top take it out and mark the level the solvent reached this is called the solvent front.
Leave to dry this is called the chromatram.
For each
Gas
Solid
Liquid
Are the particals arranged closely together?
Gas - No
Solid - Yes
Liquid - Yes
For each
Gas
Solid
Liquid
Are the particals able to move freely?
Gas - Yes
Solid - No
Liquid - Yes
For each
Gas
Solid
Liquid
Are the particals a fixed shape?
Gas - No
Solid - Yes
Liqid - No
For each
Gas
Solid
Liquid
Are the particals fixed volume?
Gas - No
Solid - Yes
Liquid - Yes
For each
Gas
Solid
Liquid
Are the particals can be compressed?
Gas - Yes
Solid - No
Liquid - ?
What needs to be added to a solid to change it a liquid?
Heat needs to be added to add energy to the solid. This moves it to its melting point.
What must all the atoms of an element be?
The periodic table, atomic structure and bonding
The same type of atom
What are atoms made up of?
protons, electrons and neutrons
What is contained in the neculeus of an atom?
The protons and neutrons
In an atom how are the electrons arranged?
Electrons are arranged in an electron shell around the nuclues made up of protons and neutrons
How is the mass of an atom calcualted?
This is the some of the mass of the elections, protons and neutrons that the atom is made up of.
The mass of the electrons does not impact the mass of an atom - the main particals are the protons and neutrons.
Does an atom have a postitive charge?
No as a proton has a + 1, neutrons have 0, electrons have -1 charge and there are always the same number of electrons and neutrons making all atoms netural.
Does an atom have a negative charge?
No as a proton has a + 1, neutrons have 0, electrons have -1 charge and there are always the same number of electrons and neutrons making all atoms netural.
