The periodic table Flashcards
What is group I and group II ?
‘S Block elements’ they are very reactive solids
What is the middle block of the periodic table called?
The transition metals; typical metals. ;D Block elements.
What are groups 3-8 called?
‘P Block elemant’
What are the columns called?
Groups
What are the rows called?
Periods
How are the elements arranged?
In increasing atomic number
Are the metals in group 1 reactive?
Yes very
What do they all form when they react with air?
Corresponding metal oxides
What does Lithium do when it reacts with water?
It floats, fizzes and moves about. It is exothermic reaction
What does Sodium do when it reacts with water?
It floats, fizzes and moves about. It is exothermic reaction.
What does Potassium do when it reacts with water?
It floats, fizzes and moves about. It is exothermic reaction and burns with a lilac flame.
What do Rubidium and caesium do when they react with water?
They explode on contact
Generally explain the characteristics of the metals in group one.
- They have low density ( first 3 less dense than water )
- React with non-metals to form ionic compounds in which the metal ion carries a charge of +1
- react with water, releasing hydrogen
- They form hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkaline solution
What are the characteristics of the transition metals?
- They have higher melting points (except for mercury)
- Have higher densities
- Are stronger and harder
- Much less reactive and so do not react as vigorously in water or oxygen
What are the transition metal good as?
Catalysts
What are the elements in group 7 known as?
The halogens
What are some of the characteristics of the halogens?
- react with metals to form ionic compounds in which the halide ion carries a charge of -1
- the further down the group you go the less reactive the element is
- The further down you go the higher the melting point and boiling point are.
A more reactive halogen can do what, to a less reactive one?
It can displace it from an aqueous solution of it’s salt.
What are group 0 known as?
The noble gases
Why are they un reactive?
Because they have a full outer shell and there is no need for them to gain or loos any electrons.
How are the trends in the reactivity in groups in the periodic table be explained?
Because the higher the energy level of the outer electrons:
the more easily electrons are lost
the less easily electrons are gained.
