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Chemistry > Electrolysis > Flashcards

Electrolysis Flashcards

1
Q

What state does a substance have to be in to be electrolysed?

A

Either melted or in a solution

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2
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

Passing an electric current through a molten substance to break it down

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3
Q

What is the substance being broken down called?

A

The electrolyte

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4
Q

Which cell do the positively charged ions move to?

A

The cathode (the negative electrode)

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5
Q

Which cell do the negatively charged ions move to?

A

The anode (the positively charged electrode)

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6
Q

What does Oxidation mean?

A

It means a loss of electrons

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7
Q

What does reduction mean?

A

It means a gain of electrons

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8
Q

What happens at the Cathode?

A

The positively charged ions gain electrons

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9
Q

What happens at the anode?

A

The negatively charged ions loose electrons

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10
Q

Reactions can be shown as half equations; do one for chlorine

A

2Cl- - 2e- ——-> Cl2

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11
Q

If their is a mixture of ions in a solution what ion goes to the anode?

A

The least complex is discharged

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12
Q

Which ion goes to the Cathode in a solution?

A

The least reactive one

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13
Q

Hydrogen is more reactive than which elements?

A

Copper, silver and gold

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14
Q

Which group of elements are less complex than OH-?

A

The halides (F-, Cl-, Br- and I-)

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15
Q

Electrolysis can also be used to do what?

A

To electroplate things

look at book for Diagrams

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16
Q

What is the point of electroplating?

A
  • appearance
  • Durability
  • Prevention of corrosion
17
Q

How is Aluminium Electrolysed?

A

Aluminium needs to be molten before you can electrolyse it. However Aluminium has such a high melting point that it is impossible to melt it. To solve this problem Cryolite is heated to 950℃. Then the Bauxite (Aluminium ore) Is dissolved in the cryolite enabling it to be electrolysed. At the Cathode pure aluminium is formed and at the Anode oxygen is formed. (look at book for Diagram)

18
Q

What is Brine?

A

Sodium Chloride solution

19
Q

What is formed at the Anode when electrolysing brine?

20
Q

What is formed at the Cathode When electrolysing brine?

A

Hydrogen gas

21
Q

What else is formed?

A

Sodium Hydroxide

22
Q

What is Chlorine useful for?

A
  • Disinfecting water
  • To make plastic (PVC)
  • Antiseptic
  • Swimming water
23
Q

What is Hydrogen useful for?

A
  • As a fuel
  • To make margarine
  • To make ammonia
24
Q

What is sodium hydroxide useful for?

A
  • To make soap

- Paper manufacture

Chemistry (7 decks)

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