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ANPH 205 > The Pelvis > Flashcards

The Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior border of the pelvis?

A

The iliac crests of the pelvic bones.

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2
Q

What forms the inferior border of the pelvis?

A

The pelvic diaphragm.

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3
Q

What forms the anterior boundary of the pelvis?

A

The symphysis pubis

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4
Q

What structures mark the posterior boundary of the pelvis?

A
  • Lumbar spine
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
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5
Q

Describe the shape of the pelvic cavity?

A

Basin shaped bound by skeletal framework

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6
Q

What is the inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

The pelvic cavity

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7
Q

What lines the pelvic cavity?

A

Partially lined by peritoneum of the abdominal cavity that drapes over the pelvic viscera.

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8
Q

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

A
  • Reproductive organs
  • Urinary bladder
  • Rectum
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9
Q

How many regions is the pelvis divided into? What are they?

A

Two.

1) True pelvis
2) False pelvis

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10
Q

What forms the pelvic brim?

A

Bony features of the pelvis (oblique plane connecting the symphysis pubis and the sacrum).

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11
Q

What does the pelvic brim do?

A

It defines the boundary between the true and false pelvis and marks the pelvis inlet of the pelvis.

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12
Q

What are the other names for the “true pelvis”?

A

1) Lesser pelvis

2) Birth canal (in women)

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13
Q

Where is the true pelvis located?

A

Inferior to the pelvic brim

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14
Q

What two things is the true pelvis found between?

A

The pelvic inlet and the pelvic outlet

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15
Q

What structures enclose the true pelvis?

A

Sacrum
Ischium
Pubis
Pelvic portion of the ilium

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16
Q

What structures/organs does the true pelvis contain?

A

Bladder
Rectum
Prostate (In men)
Reproductive organs

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17
Q

What is the pelvic outlet?

A

It is the inferior opening (exit) of the true pelvis

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18
Q

What is another name for the “false pelvis”?

A

The greater pelvis

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19
Q

Where is the false pelvis located?

A

It is the area superior to the pelvic brim

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20
Q

What two things is the false pelvis located between?

A

The iliac fossae and pelvic rim

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21
Q

What cavity is the false pelvis considered a part of?

A

The abdominal cavity

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22
Q

What does the false pelvis contain?

A

Abdominal viscera

Parts of the small intestine and sigmoid colon

Bladder (when full)

Uterus/fetus in the 2nd and 3rd term

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23
Q

What are the regions of the pelvis?

A

Three subdivisions

1) Right iliac
2) Hypogastrium
3) Left iliac

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24
Q

Where is the right iliac region?

A

Right lower area of abdominopelvic cavity

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25
Q

What does the right iliac region contain?

A

Caecum

Appendix

Distal end of right ureter

Right ovary

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26
Q

Where is the hypogastrium located?

A

Midline and located between right and left iliac regions

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27
Q

What does the hypogastrium region contain?

A

Distal end of ileum

Urinary bladder

Uterus

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28
Q

Where is the left iliac region located?

A

Left lower area of the abdominopelvic cavity

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29
Q

What does the left iliac region contain?

A

Sigmoid colon

Left ovary

Distal end of left ureter

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30
Q

What is the “bony structure”?

A

Framework formed by the sacrym, coccyx and paired hipbones.

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31
Q

What is the purpose of the bony structure?

A

Support and transmit weight of body

Protect pelvic viscera

Birth canal in females

Muscle attachment

Attach legs to torso

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32
Q

What is the sacrum?

A

Triangular shaped bone composed of 5 fused vertebral segments

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33
Q

Where is the sacrum located?

A

Posterior midline portion of bony pelvis

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34
Q

What does S1 articulate with superiorly?

A

L5

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35
Q

What is the sacral promontory?

A

Located on S1 it is an anterior ridge that acts as a landmark for the posterior portion of the true pelvic inlet or brim

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36
Q

What does S5 articulate with?

A

Coccyx

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37
Q

What do the lateral masses of the sacrum articulate with?

A

The os coxae at the sacroiliac joints laterally

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38
Q

What is the coccyx?

A

Inferior portion of vertebral column or the “tailbone”

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39
Q

What does the coccyx consist of?

A

3-5 rudimentary vertebrae

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40
Q

What is the function of the coccyx?

A

Site of muscle attachment

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41
Q

What are the other names for the “hipbones”?

A

Os Coxae

Innominate

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42
Q

What are the hipbones?

A

3 bones fuse at puberty to form one unit (ilium, pubis, ischium)

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43
Q

What is the ilium?

A

The largest and most superior portion of the hipbones.

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44
Q

What is the Ala?

A

The large, flaring superior surface of the ilium

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45
Q

What is the iliac fossa?

A

Part of the ilium, it is the inner aspect of ala and upper basin of pelvic girdle

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46
Q

What is the iliac fossa covered with?

A

Iliacus muscle

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47
Q

What is the iliac crest?

A

Part of the ilium, it’s the most superior portion of hip bone and the palpable upper surface of pelvis

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48
Q

What is the SI joint?

A

The articulation between ilium and sacrum posteriorly

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49
Q

What is a rami?

A

A branch/arm of bone

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50
Q

What does the pubis consist of?

A

A body and a superior rami and an inferior rami

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51
Q

Describe the superior ramus

A

Bone extending laterally from the body to connect with the ilium

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52
Q

Describe the inferior ramus

A

Bone extending inferiorly to meet the ischium

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53
Q

When the pubis rami meet what do they form?

A

The symphysis pubis

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54
Q

Where do the pubis rami meet?

A

Anterior midline

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55
Q

What is the obturator foramina?

A

Large opening formed by the junction of the pubic rami and ischium

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56
Q

Describe the ischium

A

Extends from ilium and connects with the pubic rami anteriorly

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57
Q

What is the position of the ischium?

A

Located inferior and posterior, extending from ilium and connecting with the pubic rami anteriorly

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58
Q

What is the ischial tuberosity?

A

A rounded, bulky bone prominence that is located inferior and posterior, supports body in seated position.

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59
Q

Where do the ilium, pubis and ischium meet?

A

In the acetabulum

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60
Q

What is the acetabulum?

A

The deep socket on the lateral aspect of the hip bone that fits the head of the femur

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61
Q

What meets at the acetabulum?

A
  • ilium
  • pubis
  • ischium
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62
Q

What do the pelvic muscles do?

A

Assist in movement and stabilize and protect the pelvic structure

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63
Q

What is the psoas muscle?

A

Long muscle located lateral to the vertebral bodies extending from upper abdomen to pelvis

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64
Q

What is the iliacus?

A

Triangular shaped muscle that extends from the iliac crest of ilium and sacrum and lines each iliac fossa

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65
Q

The psoas muscle joins the iliacus muscle in the pelvis to form what?

A

Iliopsoas muscle

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66
Q

What is the iliopsoas muscle?

A

Powerful flexor muscle of the thigh

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67
Q

Where is the iliopsoas muscle located?

A

Travels anteriorly over the pelvic brim and inserts into the lesser trochanter of femur

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68
Q

What muscle aids in the lateral rotation of the thigh?

A

The obturator

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69
Q

How is the obturator muscle divided?

A

Internal and external parts

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70
Q

Where is the obturator muscle located?

A

Originates from the obturator foramen and attaches into the greater trochanter of femur

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71
Q

What is the piriformis?

A

Triangular shaped muscle that makes up a large part of the posterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity

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72
Q

Where is the piriformis located?

A

Originates on the anterior surface of sacrum and inserts into the greater trochanter of femur

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73
Q

What muscle is responsible for lateral rotation and abduction of flexed hip

A

Piriformis

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74
Q

What is the principle structure supporting the pelvic content?

A

Pelvic diaphragm

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75
Q

What is the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Hammock-like muscular structure that forms the pelvic floor

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76
Q

What are the main muscles of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani and coccygeus

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77
Q

What is the largest and most important muscle in the diaphragm?

A

The levator ani

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78
Q

How many levator ani muscles are there?

A

Two

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79
Q

Where are the levator ani muscles located?

A

Two muscles originate from the pelvic wall of the pubis and the fibers converge to insert into the coccyx and muscles of the opposite side

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80
Q

What are the names of the levator ani muscles?

A

Pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

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81
Q

The function of what muscles greatly effects the integrity of the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

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82
Q

What effects the integrity of the pelvic floor?

A

The levator ani muscles

They can weaken with age and childbirth causing prolapse and incontinence.

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83
Q

What is the smallest diaphragm muscle?

A

Coccygeus

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84
Q

What are the coccygeus?

A

Two smaller muscles that help make up the diaphragm.
They form the posterior aspect of the pelvic floor, they are a triangular sheet fanning out to insert on the sacrum and coccyx.

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85
Q

Where do the coccygeus originate?

A

The spine of the ischium

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86
Q

Why is it important to know about the potential spaces in the abdomen?

A

In the presence of pathology free fluid can accumulate.

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87
Q

What are the 3 potential spaces that exist in the female pelvis?

A

1) Anterior Cul de sac
2) Posterior Cul de sac
3) Space of Retzius

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88
Q

What is another name for the Anterior Cul de Sac?

A

Vesicouterine pouch

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89
Q

What is another name for the Posterior Cul de Sac?

A

Rectouterine pouch or pouch of douglas

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90
Q

What is another name for the Space of Retzius?

A

Retropubic or prevesicular space

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91
Q

What is the Anterior Cul de Sac?

A

The potential space between the bladder and uterus. Peritoneum drapes over the posterior bladder wall and anterior uterus, the space is usually empty but can contain loops of bowel.

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92
Q

What is the Posterior Cul de Sac?

A

The potential space between the uterus and the rectum. Peritoneum drapes over posterior uterus and anterior rectum.

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93
Q

What is the most “dependent” portion of the pelvis and what does this mean?

A

The Posterior Cul de Sac, means that it forms the most inferior part of the pelvis.

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94
Q

What is the space of retzius?

A

Small space between symphysis pubis and anterior bladder, it is filled with extraperitoneal fat.

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95
Q

What space is fluid most likely to accumulate in?

A

The Posterior Cul de Sac because it is the most inferior and gravity will cause the fluid to flow down and build up from there.

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96
Q

What are the 2 potential spaces in the male pelvis?

A

1) Posterior Cul de Sac

2) Space of Retzius

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97
Q

What are the other names for the Posterior Cul de Sac in the male pelvis?

A

Rectovesicular pouch or pouch of douglas

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98
Q

What is the Posterior Cul de Sac in males?

A

Space between the bladder and rectum.

99
Q

What is the space of retzius in males?

A

Same as females

100
Q

What are the functions of the female reproductive organs?

A

Produce sex hormones and ova, protect and support a developing embryo.

101
Q

What is the uterus?

A

Hollow, pear shaped muscular organ that functions in menstruation, pregnancy and labor.

102
Q

How many layers does the uterus wall have?

A

3

Endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium

103
Q

What is the endometrium?

A

Most inner layer of uterus composed of epithelial and glandular cells, highly vascular and sheds with menstruation.

104
Q

What is the myometrium?

A

The middle, muscular and most thick layer of the uterus, it is composed of muscle fibers that allow dramatic stretching of uterus during pregnancy.

105
Q

What is the perimetrium?

A

Also known as the serosa, it is the outer layer of the uterus composed of serous peritoneum that covers the uterus and is continuous with the broad ligament.

106
Q

What is the normal size of the uterus?

A

7-8cm in an adult

107
Q

What factors vary the size of the uterus?

A
  • Prepubertal
  • Reproductive age
  • Gravida/parity (pregnancy or not)
  • Post-menoposal
  • Disease
108
Q

What is the most inferior region of the uterus?

A

The cervix

109
Q

What is the cervix?

A

Cylindrical, inferior portion of uterus that extends from the isthmus into the upper vagina.

110
Q

Can the cervix move?

A

No, it is fixed.

111
Q

What is the endocervical canal?

A

2-3cm long canal inside the cervix consisting of the “internal os” (superior opening) and “external os” (inferior opening).

112
Q

What is the narrowest section of the uterine body?

A

The isthmus

113
Q

What is the isthmus?

A

Small, narrow portion of uterus directly superior to the cervix

114
Q

What is the body of the uterus also know as?

A

The corpus

115
Q

What is the body of the uterus?

A

Largest part of the uterus between the cervix and the fundus, it is somewhat mobile.

116
Q

What is the cornua?

A

Lateral extensions of the uterus continuous with the fallopian tubes.

117
Q

Where is a common place to have an ectopic pregnancy?

A

The cornua, serious problem because the uterus can rupture in this area.

118
Q

What is the fundus?

A

Widest, rounded superior portion of the uterus that is superior to the insertion of the cornua/fallopean tubes.
“The hat” of the uterus.

119
Q

Why do we need a full bladder for uterus UT?

A

The bladder pushes the uterus back to its full length as well as the bowel out of the way and provides a large anechoic window.

120
Q

Where is the uterus in reference to the peritoneum?

A

Inferior

121
Q

Where is the uterus in reference to the ovaries?

A

Medial

122
Q

Where is the uterus in reference to the empty bladder?

A

Superior

123
Q

What is the “normal” position of the uterus?

A

Tilts forward with a bend between cervix and body

124
Q

What is anteverted?

A

Uterus tilts forward and forms a 90 degree angle to the cervix and vagina. (When the bladder is empty a normal uterus takes this postion).

125
Q

What is antiflexed?

A

Uterine body is flexed anteriorly in the middle yet a 90 degree angle to the cervix is maintained.

126
Q

What is retroverted?

A

Uterus tilts posterior and the cervix and vagina form a 180 degree angle (looks straight).

127
Q

What is retroflexed?

A

Uterine body flexes at a sharp posterior angle but is 180 degrees (straight) with the cervix and vagina.

128
Q

What is dextroversion?

A

A right lateral deviation (uterus leans to the right).

129
Q

What is levoversion?

A

Left lateral deviation (uterus leans to the left).

130
Q

Which uterus position is the most difficult to UT?

A

Retroflex because the uterus is deep in the body and it is difficult to penetrate.

131
Q

What is the vagina?

A

Muscular tube extending from cervix to the external orifice and lying between the bladder (anterior) and the rectum (posterior).

132
Q

What are the fornices?

A

Spaces in the upper vagina where it encircles the cervix.

133
Q

What are the other names for the fallopian tubes?

A

Uterine tubes or oviducts

134
Q

What are the fallopian tubes?

A

Paired muscular tubes that extend from the cornua of uterus and open into the peritoneum where the ovaries are located, they travel along the superior free margin of the broad ligament.

135
Q

How long are the fallopian tubes?

A

10-12 cm in length

3 mm in width

136
Q

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

A

Location of fertilization.

Conducts ovum from ovary to uterus by peristalsis and also conducts sperm towards the ovum.

137
Q

What are the segments of the fallopian tubes?

A

1) Interstitial/intramural
2) Isthmus
3) Ampulla
4) Infundibulum

138
Q

What is another name for the interstitial segment of the fallopian tube?

A

Intramural

139
Q

What is the interstitial segment of the fallopian tube?

A

Narrowest part of the tube located within the muscular wall of the uterus superiorly (cornua).

140
Q

What is the isthmus segment of the fallopian tube?

A

A short, straight and narrow part of tube located immediately adjacent to the uterine wall laterally.

141
Q

What is the ampulla segment of the fallopian tube?

A

The longest and most coiled section that widens laterally and it the most common site of fertilization.

142
Q

What is the infundibulum segment of the fallopian tubes?

A

The funnel-shaped lateral portion of the tube where fimbria (finger like extensions) at end of tube help sweep ova towards the tube, located proximal to the ovary and opens into the peritoneal cavity.

143
Q

What are the ovaries?

A

Bilateral, ellipsoid (oval) shaped structures that store the ova.

144
Q

What do the ovaries produce?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

145
Q

How big are the ovaries?

A

Normal adult:
3cm in length
2cm in width
AP (anterior/posterior) “depth” 1cm

Vary with age, menstrual phase and pregnancy.

146
Q

Where are the ovaries located?

A

In the true pelvis, inside the adnexa, lateral to the uterus.

147
Q

Where are the ovaries in reference to the broad ligament.

A

Posterior

148
Q

Where are the ovaries in reference to the ureter?

A

Anterior

149
Q

Where are the ovaries in reference to the internal iliac artery and gonadal vessels?

A

Anterior

150
Q

What is found in the reproductive ovary?

A

Multiple anechoic follicles (normal).

151
Q

What are the uterine arteries?

A

The uterine arteries branch off of the internal iliac arteries and travel superiorly along lateral aspect of uterus and then branch into smaller arteries (arcuate, radial and others) to supply the uterine layers and joins the ovarian artery at the level of the fallopian tubes.

152
Q

Describe the venous vessels of the female pelvis?

A

Except for the left ovarian vein the venous vessels follow the arteries and assume the same name.

153
Q

What are the ligaments in the female pelvis?

A

Folds of peritoneum that anchor and support the pelvic anatomy, the peritoneum extends laterally from the uterine surfaces to the lateral pelvic wall.

  • Broad
  • Round
  • Ovarian
  • Cervical
154
Q

What are the broad ligaments?

A

Double fold of peritoneum that supports the uterus, encloses the oviducts and prevents side to side movement.

155
Q

How do the broad ligaments divide the pelvis?

A

Into anterior and posterior compartments.

156
Q

Are the broad ligaments true ligaments?

A

Not true ligaments, but act like them.

157
Q

Where are the broad ligaments located?

A

Extend from anterior and posterior uterus to the lateral pelvic wall.

158
Q

What are the round ligaments?

A

Ligaments extending from the lateral walls of uterus to the anterior pelvic wall, they are responsible for anterior tilt and stabilization of the fundus.

159
Q

What are the ovarian ligaments?

A

Ligaments between the ovary and lateral uterus.

160
Q

What are the cervical ligaments?

A

Extend from lateral cervix to pelvic floor, stabilizes the cervix and prevents downward displacement of uterus.

161
Q

What is another name for the cervical ligaments?

A

Cardinal ligaments

162
Q

What is the function of the male reproductive organs?

A

Producing sex hormones and contribute to male characteristics.

163
Q

Where are the male reproductive organs located?

A

In the true pelvis and external on the body

164
Q

What is the scrotum?

A

Saclike structure continuous with the abdominal wall

165
Q

What does the scrotum contain?

A

The testes, epididymis, part of the ductus deferens

166
Q

How is the scrotum divided and what divides it?

A

It is divided externally into lateral compartments by the median raphe.

167
Q

What are other names for the median raphe?

A

Ridge or septum.

168
Q

What are the muscles related to the scrotum and what is their purpose?

A

1) Dartos
2) Cremaster

They work together to elevate and lower the testicles to regulate the internal testicular temp and promote spermatogenesis.

169
Q

What is the dartos?

A

Thin muscular layer that lies below the skin of the scrotum, it merges centrally to form the internal scrotal septum and divides the scrotum into 2 sacs that each contain a testis.

170
Q

What is the cremaster?

A

Muscle that surrounds each testes, it arises from internal oblique muscles of the abdomen and lifts/lowers the testes.

171
Q

What is the primary male reproductive organ and what does it produce?

A

The testes.

Produces sperm and male sex hormones (testosterone)

172
Q

Where do the testes arise from in a fetus?

A

The level of the kidneys and descend into scrotum after the 7th month.

173
Q

What are the testes?

A

Ovoid paired glands suspended in the scrotal sac.

174
Q

How large are the testes?

A

Maximum 5cm in length by 3cm in width and 3cm in AP (anterior/posterior “depth”)

175
Q

What is the tunica albuginea?

A

The dense outer capsule (testicular covering) adhering to both testes that has projections called septa.

176
Q

What is the tunica vaginalis?

A

The thin outer layer (serous membrane) of the testes derived from peritoneum.

177
Q

What are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A

Visceral and parietal

178
Q

What do the two layers of the tunica vaginalis do?

A

The visceral layer covers the testes

The parietal layer lines the scrotum

179
Q

What do the septa of the tunica albuginea do?

A

They converge posteriorly at mediastinum and divide each testes into lobules.

180
Q

Describe the inside of the testes.

A

The parenchyma is divided into lobules which contain the seminiferous tubules.

181
Q

How many lobules in each testes?

A

200-400

182
Q

What are the seminiferous tubules?

A

Convoluted tubules contained in the lobules involved in sperm production.

183
Q

How many seminiferous tubules are there?

A

1-3 per lobe

184
Q

Where do the seminiferous tubules travel?

A

Converge towards the mediastinum and empty into the straight tubule towards the mediastinum and rete testis.

185
Q

What is the straight tubule?

A

Short section of tube connecting the seminiferous tubules to the rete testes.

186
Q

What are the mediastinum testes?

A

Wedge of connective tissue on the posterior aspect of testis that supports converging tubules.

187
Q

What is the mediastinum testes continuous with?

A

The tunica albuginea and septa

188
Q

What does the mediastinum testes enclose?

A

The rete testis

189
Q

What is the rete testis

A

A network of ducts located in the mediastinum testis in the posterior aspect of the testis consisting of an inlet and an outlet.

190
Q

What is the inlet of the rete testis?

A

Straight tubules

191
Q

What is the outlet of the rete testis?

A

Efferent ductile

192
Q

What are the efferent ducts?

A

Ducts exiting the rete testis and connecting to the ductus epididymis.

193
Q

What are the ductus epididymis?

A

Tightly coiled tubes located on the posterior-lateral surface of each testis that are involved in the storage and maturation of sperm.

194
Q

How long are the ductus epididymis?

A

6m long and 1mm in diameter

195
Q

What are the ductus epididymis continuous with?

A

The ductus deferens (vas deferens).

196
Q

How is the epididymis divided?

A

Head, body, tail

197
Q

What is another name for the head of the epididymis?

A

Globus major

198
Q

What is the head of the epididymis?

A

The largest portion, superior to the testes formed by the efferent ductules.

199
Q

What is the body of the ductus epididymis?

A

Along posterolateral aspect of testes, ductus epididymus travels along the length of the body.

200
Q

What is the tail of the epididymus?

A

Located at the inferior border of the testes the ductus epididymus travels along the length of the tail and empties into the ductus deferens within the spermatic cord.

201
Q

What is another name for the tail of the epididymus?

A

Globus minor

202
Q

What is another name for the ductus deferens?

A

Vas deferens

203
Q

What is the ductus deferens?

A

A long tube originating from the tail of the epididymis.

204
Q

Describe the proximal end of the ductus deferens?

A

It widens (ampulla) to meet the duct draining the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.

205
Q

Describe the path of the ductus deferens.

A

Ascends within the spermatic cord and travels through the inguinal canal to pelvis.

206
Q

What is the spermatic cord?

A

Paired, tough outer covering that extends from testis to pelvis encasing numerous structures passing to and from the testes.

207
Q

What structures does the spermatic cord include?

A
  • Vas deferens
  • Arteries and veins
  • Lymphatics and nerves
208
Q

What are the seminal vesicles?

A

Paired accessory glands, coiled tubes that form pouches (vesicles).

209
Q

What do the seminal vesicles connect?

A

Each seminal vesicle duct joins the vas deferens to form the ejaculatory duct.

210
Q

What do secretions of the seminal vesicles do?

A

Provide energy to the sperm.

211
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located?

A

Posterior and inferior aspect of the bladder.

212
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located in reference to the vas deferens?

A

Lateral

213
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located in reference to the prostate?

A

Superior

214
Q

Where are the seminal vesicles located in reference to the rectum?

A

Anterior

215
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct?

A

Extensions of the seminal vesicles, it directs seminal vesicle excretions to prostatic urethra

216
Q

How does the ejaculatory duct travel?

A

Obliquely in the posterior aspect of the prostate.

217
Q

What is the prostate composed of?

A

Fibromuscular and glandular tissue.

218
Q

What is the prostate?

A

Conical shaped gland thats secretions aid in motility and fertility of sperm and move via several ducts to the urethra.

219
Q

How big is the prostate gland?

A

3.5 cm in length
4 cm in width
2.5 cm in AP

220
Q

What travels through the prostate gland?

A

1) Urethra travels centrally through prostate

2) Ejaculatory ducts descend inferiorly through the posterior portion of gland and open into prostatic urethra.

221
Q

How is the prostate divided?

A

3 zones

Peripheral, central, transitional

222
Q

What is the peripheral zone?

A

Normally the largest zone of the prostate, the surgical capsule isolates it from other zones.

223
Q

Where is the peripheral zone located?

A

Posterior and lateral to the distal prostatic urethra

224
Q

What is the most common site of prostatic cancers?

A

The peripheral zone.

225
Q

Where is the central zone of the prostate?

A

Extends from base of prostate to the verumontanum, located between the peripheral and transitional zones.

226
Q

What is the verumontanum?

A

Junction of the central prostate with prostatic urethra.

227
Q

What does the central zone surround?

A

The ejaculatory ducts

228
Q

What is the transitional zone of the prostate?

A

Usually the smallest zone, lobes located on lateral aspect of the proximal urethra.

229
Q

What is the base of the prostate?

A

Superior portion.

230
Q

What is the base of the prostate in contact with?

A

The base of the bladder, lies adjacent to the neck of the bladder.

231
Q

What is the apex of the prostate?

A

Inferior portion

232
Q

What is the apex of the prostate in contact with?

A

The pelvic diaphragm.

233
Q

Where is the prostate located in the body?

A

Midline and inferior to the base of the bladder.

234
Q

Where is the prostate located in the body in reference to the pelvic diaphragm/floor?

A

Superior

235
Q

Where is the prostate located in the body in reference to the rectum?

A

Anterior

236
Q

Where is the prostate located in the body in reference to the symphysis pubis?

A

Posterior

237
Q

What is the penis?

A

External reproductive organ.

238
Q

What is the penis composed of?

A

3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue and muscle.

1) Corpora cavernosa (2)
2) Corpus spongiosum (1)

239
Q

What is the corpora cavernosa?

A

Dorsilateral location, becomes enlarges and filled with blood.

240
Q

What is the corpus spongiosum?

A

Midventral location, encircles the spongy urethra and expands distally to form the glans penis.

241
Q

Describe the blood supply/drainage of the testes.

A

The testicular artery originates off the aorta and supplies blood to the testes.
The right testicular vein drains into the IVC and left testicular vein drains into the left renal vein.

242
Q

What supplies blood to the penis and urethra?

A

Internal pudendal arteries which are branches off the internal iliac arteries.

243
Q

What drains the blood from the penis?

A

The superficial and deep dorsal veins which connect with the pudendal venous plexus.

ANPH 205 (6 decks)

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