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ANPH 205 > Peritoneum And Retroperitoneum > Flashcards

Peritoneum And Retroperitoneum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

A sterile potential space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum that consists of many folds and potential spaces.

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2
Q

What are the two membranes that separate the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity from the abdominal wall?

A

Parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

What does the peritoneal cavity extend between?

A

The abdomen and pelvis

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4
Q

Is the peritoneal cavity closed to the outside environment?

A

Closed in males

Open in females (pierced by fallopian tubes.

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5
Q

What is contained inside the peritoneal cavity?

A

Serous fluid to lubricate.

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6
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

A lubricated serous membrane that wards off infections, and supports by anchoring structures.

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7
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

A

Parietal and visceral

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8
Q

What does the parietal layer of the peritoneum cover?

A

The abdominal and pelvic walls

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9
Q

What does the visceral layer of the peritoneum cover?

A

Covers the solid and hollow viscera

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10
Q

Describe the peritoneum and layers with an example?

A

The visceral layer covers the fist inside the balloon (organ), the outside of the balloon is the parietal layer and the space between the two balloon layers is the peritoneal cavity

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11
Q

What are the peritoneal organs? (7)

A
  • Liver (except bare area)
  • Gallbladder
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • Ovaries
  • 1st part of duodenum
  • Transverse colon
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12
Q

What do the peritoneal folds consist of?

A

Mesenteries and omentum

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13
Q

What are mesenteries?

A

Peritoneal folds connecting small and large bowel to the posterior abdominal wall

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14
Q

What do mesenteries do?

A

Support vessels, lymphatics and nerves

Prevent twisting of the bowel

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15
Q

What are the two mesenteries?

A

1) Mesentery

2) Mesocolon

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16
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

Double layer fold.

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17
Q

What does the mesentery connect?

A

Above bowel to the posterior abdominal wall

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18
Q

What does the mesentery enclose?

A

The jejunum and ileum

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19
Q

What is the mesocolon?

A

Peritoneum attached to colon

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20
Q

What does the mesocolon attach?

A

Connects the transverse colon and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall.

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21
Q

What is the omentum?

A

Double layer of peritoneum, folds of mesentery extending from the stomach to intraabdominal sites.

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22
Q

What are the 2 main folds of the omentum?

A

1) Greater omentum

2) Lesser omentum

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23
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

Apron like fold

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24
Q

What does the greater omentum connect?

A

Connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

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25
Q

What is the position of the greater omentum in the cavity?

A

From the stomach, it drapes inferior and anterior over the transverse colon and small intestine.

It turns posterior on itself and extends superiorly to attach to the transverse colon.

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26
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

Double layer of mesentery

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27
Q

What is another name for the lesser omentum?

A

Gastrohepatic ligament

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28
Q

What does the lesser omentum connect?

A

The lesser curvature of the stomach and the 1st part of the duodenum to the visceral part of the liver

29
Q

What do the peritoneal sacs consist of?

A

Large potential spaces (greater sac and lesser sac)

30
Q

What is the greater sac?

A

Accounts for most of the space in the peritoneal cavity and has smaller spaces within.

Communicated with the lesser sac in the epigastric region

31
Q

Where does the greater sac extend?

A

From the diaphragm to the pelvis (width of the abdomen and pelvis)

32
Q

Where is the location of the greater sac in reference to the lesser sac?

A

Anterior to the lesser sac superiorly

Posterior to the lesser sac inferiorly

33
Q

How does the greater sac surround the small bowel?

A

Inferiorly

34
Q

Where is the greater sac located in relation to the pelvis structures?

A

The greater sac is superior to the pelvis structures.

35
Q

What is another name for the lesser sac?

A

The omental bursa

36
Q

What does the lesser sac do?

A

Communicates with the greater sac

37
Q

Where is the lesser sac in relation to the stomach?

A

The lesser sac is posterior

38
Q

Where is the lesser sac in relation to the liver

A

The lesser sac is posterior and inferior

39
Q

Where is the lesser sac in relation to the transverse colon?

A

Lesser sac is anterior

40
Q

Where is the lesser sac in relation to the pancreas?

A

Lesser sac is anterior

41
Q

Where is the lesser sac in relation to the left kidney?

A

Lesser sac is anterior

42
Q

Where is the lesser sac in relation to the splenic hilum?

A

The lesser sac extends to the splenic hilum

43
Q

What are the (4) different names for the opening between the greater and lesser sac?

A

o Neck
o Epiploic foramen
o Foramen of Winslow
o Omental foramen

44
Q

What two things align with the anterior margin of the opening between the greater and lesser sacs?

A

The portal triad and the porta hepatis

45
Q

What are the two supracolic compartments?

A

1) Subphrenic space

2) Subhepatic space

46
Q

What are the two infracolic compartments?

A

1) Paracolic gutters

2) Pelvic reflections

47
Q

What is the division between the supracolic and infracolic spaces?

A

The transverse colon

48
Q

What is the subphrenic space?

A

Below diaphragm

Between diaphragm and anterior and superior diaphragmatic surfaces of the liver

49
Q

What is the boundary between the left and right subphrenic spaces?

A

The falciform ligament

50
Q

What is the subhepatic space?

A

Below liver

Inferior to the visceral surface of the liver

51
Q

What does the right subhepatic space include?

A

Morison’s pouch

52
Q

What is morison’s pouch?

A

Most dependent part of the subhepatic space (lowest)

53
Q

Where is Morison’s pouch located? (KNOW)

A

Right lateral subhepatic space

Anterior to right kidney and posterior to the right lobe of liver

54
Q

Where is the left subhepatic space?

A

Anterior to the antrum of the stomach

55
Q

What are the two infracolic spaces?

A

Right paracolic gutter

Left Paracolic gutter

56
Q

What is the right paracolic gutter?

A

The space between the ascending colon and the right lateral abdominal wall

57
Q

What is the left paracolic gutter?

A

The space between the descending colon and the left lateral abdominal wall

58
Q

What is the retroperitoneum?

A

Structures located posterior to the peritoneum, lined anteriorly by peritoneum.

Limited mobility

59
Q

Where is the retroperitoneum anchored?

A

To the posterior wall

60
Q

What are the retroperitoneal structures?

A

Kidneys

Ureters

Adrenals

Ascending colon

Descending colon

Aorta and IVC

Duodenum (Parts 2, 3, 4)

Pancreas (except tail)

61
Q

What are the boundaries of the retroperitoneum?

A

Posterior to the peritoneal cavity

Anterior to the transverse fascia

Extends from diaphragm to pelvic brim

62
Q

What are the potential spaces of the retroperitoneum?

A

1) Anterior pararenal space
2) Perirenal space
3) Posterior Pararenal space

63
Q

What is the anterior pararenal space?

A

Immediatley posterior to the peritoneum

Between the periatel peritoneum of the posterior cavity and the anterior renal fascia

Crosses the midline

64
Q

Perirenal space?

A

Area enclosed by the renal fascia

Contains perirenal fat

Surrounds kidneys and adrenal glands

65
Q

What is the posterior pararenal space?

A

Posterior to the renal fascia

Between the posterior renal fascia and the transversalis fascia of the abdominal wall

66
Q

Are there solid organs in the posterior pararenal space?

A

No

67
Q

Is there fat in the porterior pararenal space?

A

Very little

68
Q

What does the anterior pararenal space support?

A
  • Ascending and descending colon
  • 2nd, 3rd and 4th duodenum

Head and body of pancreas

ANPH 205 (6 decks)

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