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Great Vessels in the Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What direction do arteries move the blood?

A

Away from the heart

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2
Q

What type of blood is transported by ateries?

A

Usually oxygenated (except the pulmonary arteries)

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3
Q

Function of arteries?

A

Transport oxygenated blood around the body, maintain blood flow and blood pressure.

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of an artery?

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica adventita
  3. Tunica media
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5
Q

What is the inside (hollow) part of the artery called?

A

Lumen

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6
Q

Where does the aorta start?

A

At the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm

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7
Q

What structure does the aorta travel along and what is it’s anatomical relationship to it?

A

Travels anteriorly to the spine.

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8
Q

Describe the position of the aorta as it travels inferiorly

A

The proximal portion of the aorta sits more posteriorly and the distal portion sits more anteriorly (very close to surface around umbilicus)

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9
Q

What is the aortas location regarding the midline of the body?

A

Sits slightly left

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10
Q

What runs parallel to the aorta and what is the relationship?

A

The Inferior Vena Cava runs parallel, the aorta sits to the left of it.

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11
Q

Where does the aorta bifurcate?

A

LF (4th lumbar) or umbilicus

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12
Q

Where is the aorta located in reference to the peritoneum?

A

The aorta is retroperitoneal (sits behind the peritoneal sac).

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13
Q

What is the most proximal branch of the aorta below the diaphragm?

A

The celiac axis/trunk

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14
Q

From proximal to distal, list the major branches of the aorta.

A
  1. Celiac axis/trunk
  2. Right/left adrenal/suprarenal arteries
  3. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
  4. Right/left renal arteries
  5. Left/Right gonadal arteries (testicular or ovarian)
  6. Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
  7. Median sacral artery
  8. Right/Left common iliac arteries
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15
Q

How big is the celiac axis/trunk?

A

1 cm in length

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16
Q

What aspect of the aorta is the celiac trunk found on?

A

The anterior aspect

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17
Q

What are the three branches of the celiac axis/trunk?

A
  1. Common hepatic artery
  2. Splenic artery
  3. Left gastric artery
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18
Q

Can the common hepatic artery be seen with UT? Why?

A

Yes, large enough.

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19
Q

Can the splenic artery be seen with UT? Why?

A

Yes, large enough.

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20
Q

Can the gastric artery be seen with UT? Why?

A

No, too small to be seen with UT

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21
Q

What is the location/direction of the common hepatic artery and what is it’s function?

A

It travels to the right towards the liver and supplies blood to the liver and duodenum.

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22
Q

What does the common hepatic artery divide into?

A

Hepatic artery proper and the gastroduodenal artery.

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23
Q

What is the location/direction of the splenic artery and it’s function?

A

Travels left along the superior aspect of the pancreas and supplies blood to the spleen and pancreatic tail.

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24
Q

What is the location/direction of the left gastric artery?

A

Travels left and along the lesser curvature of the stomach.

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25
What is another name for the adrenal arteries?
The suprarenal arteries.
26
How many adrenal arteries are there?
Two, left and right.
27
What aspect of the aorta do the adrenal arteries arise from?
The lateral aspects.
28
What arteries are the adrenal arteries found between on the aorta?
The celiac axis and the SMA
29
What do the adrenal arteries travel obliquely to?
The adrenal arteries are lateral and superior to the adrenal glands.
30
Can the adrenal arteries be seen with UT?
No.
31
What aspect of the aorta is the superior mesenteric artery found on?
The anterior aspect. | second ANTERIOR branch of the aorta
32
What is the direction of the SMA?
Travels anteriorly and then hooks inferiorly.
33
What organs does the SMA supply?
Small intestine, ascending colon, right and mid transverse colon.
34
How many renal arteries are there?
Two (left and right).
35
What aspect of the aorta are the renal arteries found on?
The lateral aspects.
36
What is the location of the renal arteries?
They branch just inferior to the SMA.
37
Does the RRA pass the IVC?
Yes, it passes posterior to the IVC.
38
Which is longer, the RRA or the LRA? Why?
The RRA is longer, has further to travel.
39
What plane will show both left and right renal arteries?
Transverse
40
What do the renal arteries run posteriorly to?
The renal veins
41
What is the location of the RRA and the LRA in relation to each other?
The RRA sits slightly inferior to the LRA
42
Why does the RRA sit slightly inferior to the LRA?
Because the liver is on the right side and it is a very large organ that takes up a lot of space and therefore forces the RRA down.
43
When we are long axis in the body the RRA is?
Short axis
44
How many gonadal arteries are there?
Two (left and right)
45
What aspect of the aorta are the gonadal arteries found on?
The anterior aspect.
46
The gonadal arteries branch inferior to what?
The renal arteries
47
What is the direction of travel of the gonadal arteries?
Travel inferiorly and obliquely
48
The female gonadal arteries are known as?
The ovarian arteries
49
The male gonadal arteries are known as?
The testicular arteries
50
What location and aspect of the aorta is the inferior mesenteric artery found on?
The IMA branches anteriorly at the level of L3 (just above umbilicus).
51
What organs does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
The left transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon and rectum.
52
How many lumbar arteries are there?
4-5 pairs
53
What is the location and aspect of the lumbar arteries on the aorta?
They arise posteriorly and lateral
54
What do the lumbar arteries supply?
The lumbar region
55
What is the most inferior branch of the aorta?
The median sacral artery
56
What does the median sacral artery supply?
The sacrum
57
What does the aorta do at L4?
Bifurcates into the common iliac arteries.
58
How many common iliac arteries are there?
Two
59
What direction do the common iliac arteries travel in?
Downward and lateral
60
Where do the common iliac arteries sit in respect to the common iliac veins?
The common iliac arteries are anterior to the common iliac veins.
61
What do the common iliac arteries branch into?
The internal and external iliac arteries
62
What direction do veins carry blood?
Towards the heart
63
What type of blood do veins carry?
Usually deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins)
64
How are larger veins formed?
By the union of smaller veins
65
Describe the characteristics of vein vessel walls
Easily collapsable, the pressure of breathing is constantly causing them to collapse and inflate.
66
What is the purpose of veins?
Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and to lower pressure blood flow.
67
What is the largest vein in the body?
The Inferior Vena Cava
68
What side of the heart does the IVC return blood to?
The right side
69
The union of what veins forms the IVC and at what level?
The common iliac veins forms the IVC at L5
70
How does the IVC enter the thorax and at what level?
Through a hole in the diaphragm at T8
71
In respect to the aorta, where does the IVC sit?
Superiorly the IVC sits more anteriorly in the body than the aorta, inferiorly the IVC sits more posteriorly than the aorta.
72
In reference to the peritoneum, where is the IVC?
Retroperitoneal.
73
In the sagittal views of the aorta & IVC, what are the visual cues of the aorta?
Spine visable, big anterior branches, posterior in the body but heading more anterior towards the bottom, the shape stays the same, visable pulse and bright wals.
74
In the sagittal views of the aorta & IVC, what are the visual cues of the IVC?
Touches the liver, no anterior branches, size and shape changes, dull walls, no spine visible, weak pulse.
75
From distal to proximal, list the major branches of the IVC.
1. Common iliac veins 2. Lumbar veins 3. Right gonadal vein 4. Right/left renal veins 5. Right suprarenal vein 6. The hepatic veins
76
Where does the left gonadal vein drain into?
The left renal vein (not directly into the IVC)
77
Where does the left suprarenal vein drain into?
left renal vein (not directly into the IVC)
78
Which two veins drain into the left renal vein instead of the IVC directly?
The left gonadal vein and the left suprarenal vein.
79
How many hepatic veins are there?
Three (left, middle, right)
80
The common iliac veins are formed by?
The union of the internal and external iliac veins at L5
81
What direction to the common iliac veins travel in?
Travel obliquely from lateral to medial
82
Where do the common iliac veins sit in respect to the common iliac arteries?
The common iliac veins are posterior to the common iliac arteries.
83
Where do the common iliac veins sit in respect to the ureters?
Posterior to the ureters.
84
How many lumbar veins are there?
4-5 pairs
85
What aspect of the IVC are the lumbar veins on?
The lateral walls
86
Where to the lumbar veins drain into?
The IVC or the azygos system
87
What is the azygos system?
Venous drainage of the posterior abdominal wall and lumbar vertrebral area
88
What do the lumbar veins accompany?
The lumbar arteries
89
What are the male gonadal veins?
Testicular veins
90
What is the female gonadal veins?
Ovarian veins
91
How many gonadal veins are there?
Two
92
What is the direction/location of the gonadal veins?
Ascend along the path of the psoas muscles
93
Where do the gonadal veins run in respect to the ureters?
Anterior to the ureters
94
Where does the right gonadal vein drain into?
The anterior IVC below the renal vein
95
Where does the left gonadal vein drain into?
The left renal vein
96
Why does the left gonadal vein drain into the left renal vein instead of the IVC directly?
Because the aorta is in the way, it drains into the left renal vein instead of having to cross over the aorta
97
What is the location/aspect of the renal veins?
Exit the renal hilum and drain into the lateral IVC.
98
Where do the renal veins sit in respect to the renal arteries?
The renal veins sit anterior to the renal arteries.
99
Which is shorter the RRV or the LRV? Why?
The RRV is shorter because it doesn't have to travel as far as the LRV.
100
Which sits slightly inferior, the RRV or the LRV? Why?
The right renal vein, because it is on the same side as the liver and the liver takes up a lot of space and pushes it down.
101
What is the location of the LRV in relation to the SMA and aorta?
The left renal vein runs posterior to the SMA but anterior to the aorta (under the hook).
102
What veins drain into the LRV?
The left gonadal vein and the left suprarenal vein
103
What is the direction of travel for the adrenal veins?
Same path as arteries, travel obliquely to the adrenal glands.
104
Can adrenal veins be seen on UT?
Not usually.
105
Where do the hepatic veins drain?
Different areas of the liver.
106
What is the direction of the hepatic veins?
They travel diagonally through the liver tissue from and anterior/inferior position to a posterior/superior position to join with the IVC.
107
Where do the hepatic veins drain into the IVC?
Very superior in the IVC, just inferior to the diaphragm.
108
How many venous systems are there in the liver?
Two systems, the hepatic veins make up one of them.
109
Read over diagrams/UT images in notes (very important images that are on the exams)
.

ANPH 205 (6 decks)

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