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ANPH 205 > Great Vessels in the Abdomen > Flashcards

Great Vessels in the Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What direction do arteries move the blood?

A

Away from the heart

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2
Q

What type of blood is transported by ateries?

A

Usually oxygenated (except the pulmonary arteries)

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3
Q

Function of arteries?

A

Transport oxygenated blood around the body, maintain blood flow and blood pressure.

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of an artery?

A
  1. Tunica intima
  2. Tunica adventita
  3. Tunica media
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5
Q

What is the inside (hollow) part of the artery called?

A

Lumen

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6
Q

Where does the aorta start?

A

At the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm

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7
Q

What structure does the aorta travel along and what is it’s anatomical relationship to it?

A

Travels anteriorly to the spine.

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8
Q

Describe the position of the aorta as it travels inferiorly

A

The proximal portion of the aorta sits more posteriorly and the distal portion sits more anteriorly (very close to surface around umbilicus)

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9
Q

What is the aortas location regarding the midline of the body?

A

Sits slightly left

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10
Q

What runs parallel to the aorta and what is the relationship?

A

The Inferior Vena Cava runs parallel, the aorta sits to the left of it.

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11
Q

Where does the aorta bifurcate?

A

LF (4th lumbar) or umbilicus

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12
Q

Where is the aorta located in reference to the peritoneum?

A

The aorta is retroperitoneal (sits behind the peritoneal sac).

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13
Q

What is the most proximal branch of the aorta below the diaphragm?

A

The celiac axis/trunk

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14
Q

From proximal to distal, list the major branches of the aorta.

A
  1. Celiac axis/trunk
  2. Right/left adrenal/suprarenal arteries
  3. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
  4. Right/left renal arteries
  5. Left/Right gonadal arteries (testicular or ovarian)
  6. Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
  7. Median sacral artery
  8. Right/Left common iliac arteries
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15
Q

How big is the celiac axis/trunk?

A

1 cm in length

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16
Q

What aspect of the aorta is the celiac trunk found on?

A

The anterior aspect

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17
Q

What are the three branches of the celiac axis/trunk?

A
  1. Common hepatic artery
  2. Splenic artery
  3. Left gastric artery
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18
Q

Can the common hepatic artery be seen with UT? Why?

A

Yes, large enough.

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19
Q

Can the splenic artery be seen with UT? Why?

A

Yes, large enough.

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20
Q

Can the gastric artery be seen with UT? Why?

A

No, too small to be seen with UT

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21
Q

What is the location/direction of the common hepatic artery and what is it’s function?

A

It travels to the right towards the liver and supplies blood to the liver and duodenum.

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22
Q

What does the common hepatic artery divide into?

A

Hepatic artery proper and the gastroduodenal artery.

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23
Q

What is the location/direction of the splenic artery and it’s function?

A

Travels left along the superior aspect of the pancreas and supplies blood to the spleen and pancreatic tail.

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24
Q

What is the location/direction of the left gastric artery?

A

Travels left and along the lesser curvature of the stomach.

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25
Q

What is another name for the adrenal arteries?

A

The suprarenal arteries.

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26
Q

How many adrenal arteries are there?

A

Two, left and right.

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27
Q

What aspect of the aorta do the adrenal arteries arise from?

A

The lateral aspects.

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28
Q

What arteries are the adrenal arteries found between on the aorta?

A

The celiac axis and the SMA

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29
Q

What do the adrenal arteries travel obliquely to?

A

The adrenal arteries are lateral and superior to the adrenal glands.

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30
Q

Can the adrenal arteries be seen with UT?

A

No.

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31
Q

What aspect of the aorta is the superior mesenteric artery found on?

A

The anterior aspect.

second ANTERIOR branch of the aorta

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32
Q

What is the direction of the SMA?

A

Travels anteriorly and then hooks inferiorly.

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33
Q

What organs does the SMA supply?

A

Small intestine, ascending colon, right and mid transverse colon.

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34
Q

How many renal arteries are there?

A

Two (left and right).

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35
Q

What aspect of the aorta are the renal arteries found on?

A

The lateral aspects.

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36
Q

What is the location of the renal arteries?

A

They branch just inferior to the SMA.

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37
Q

Does the RRA pass the IVC?

A

Yes, it passes posterior to the IVC.

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38
Q

Which is longer, the RRA or the LRA? Why?

A

The RRA is longer, has further to travel.

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39
Q

What plane will show both left and right renal arteries?

A

Transverse

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40
Q

What do the renal arteries run posteriorly to?

A

The renal veins

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41
Q

What is the location of the RRA and the LRA in relation to each other?

A

The RRA sits slightly inferior to the LRA

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42
Q

Why does the RRA sit slightly inferior to the LRA?

A

Because the liver is on the right side and it is a very large organ that takes up a lot of space and therefore forces the RRA down.

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43
Q

When we are long axis in the body the RRA is?

A

Short axis

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44
Q

How many gonadal arteries are there?

A

Two (left and right)

45
Q

What aspect of the aorta are the gonadal arteries found on?

A

The anterior aspect.

46
Q

The gonadal arteries branch inferior to what?

A

The renal arteries

47
Q

What is the direction of travel of the gonadal arteries?

A

Travel inferiorly and obliquely

48
Q

The female gonadal arteries are known as?

A

The ovarian arteries

49
Q

The male gonadal arteries are known as?

A

The testicular arteries

50
Q

What location and aspect of the aorta is the inferior mesenteric artery found on?

A

The IMA branches anteriorly at the level of L3 (just above umbilicus).

51
Q

What organs does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

The left transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon and rectum.

52
Q

How many lumbar arteries are there?

A

4-5 pairs

53
Q

What is the location and aspect of the lumbar arteries on the aorta?

A

They arise posteriorly and lateral

54
Q

What do the lumbar arteries supply?

A

The lumbar region

55
Q

What is the most inferior branch of the aorta?

A

The median sacral artery

56
Q

What does the median sacral artery supply?

A

The sacrum

57
Q

What does the aorta do at L4?

A

Bifurcates into the common iliac arteries.

58
Q

How many common iliac arteries are there?

A

Two

59
Q

What direction do the common iliac arteries travel in?

A

Downward and lateral

60
Q

Where do the common iliac arteries sit in respect to the common iliac veins?

A

The common iliac arteries are anterior to the common iliac veins.

61
Q

What do the common iliac arteries branch into?

A

The internal and external iliac arteries

62
Q

What direction do veins carry blood?

A

Towards the heart

63
Q

What type of blood do veins carry?

A

Usually deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary veins)

64
Q

How are larger veins formed?

A

By the union of smaller veins

65
Q

Describe the characteristics of vein vessel walls

A

Easily collapsable, the pressure of breathing is constantly causing them to collapse and inflate.

66
Q

What is the purpose of veins?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and to lower pressure blood flow.

67
Q

What is the largest vein in the body?

A

The Inferior Vena Cava

68
Q

What side of the heart does the IVC return blood to?

A

The right side

69
Q

The union of what veins forms the IVC and at what level?

A

The common iliac veins forms the IVC at L5

70
Q

How does the IVC enter the thorax and at what level?

A

Through a hole in the diaphragm at T8

71
Q

In respect to the aorta, where does the IVC sit?

A

Superiorly the IVC sits more anteriorly in the body than the aorta, inferiorly the IVC sits more posteriorly than the aorta.

72
Q

In reference to the peritoneum, where is the IVC?

A

Retroperitoneal.

73
Q

In the sagittal views of the aorta & IVC, what are the visual cues of the aorta?

A

Spine visable, big anterior branches, posterior in the body but heading more anterior towards the bottom, the shape stays the same, visable pulse and bright wals.

74
Q

In the sagittal views of the aorta & IVC, what are the visual cues of the IVC?

A

Touches the liver, no anterior branches, size and shape changes, dull walls, no spine visible, weak pulse.

75
Q

From distal to proximal, list the major branches of the IVC.

A
  1. Common iliac veins
  2. Lumbar veins
  3. Right gonadal vein
  4. Right/left renal veins
  5. Right suprarenal vein
  6. The hepatic veins
76
Q

Where does the left gonadal vein drain into?

A

The left renal vein (not directly into the IVC)

77
Q

Where does the left suprarenal vein drain into?

A

left renal vein (not directly into the IVC)

78
Q

Which two veins drain into the left renal vein instead of the IVC directly?

A

The left gonadal vein and the left suprarenal vein.

79
Q

How many hepatic veins are there?

A

Three (left, middle, right)

80
Q

The common iliac veins are formed by?

A

The union of the internal and external iliac veins at L5

81
Q

What direction to the common iliac veins travel in?

A

Travel obliquely from lateral to medial

82
Q

Where do the common iliac veins sit in respect to the common iliac arteries?

A

The common iliac veins are posterior to the common iliac arteries.

83
Q

Where do the common iliac veins sit in respect to the ureters?

A

Posterior to the ureters.

84
Q

How many lumbar veins are there?

A

4-5 pairs

85
Q

What aspect of the IVC are the lumbar veins on?

A

The lateral walls

86
Q

Where to the lumbar veins drain into?

A

The IVC or the azygos system

87
Q

What is the azygos system?

A

Venous drainage of the posterior abdominal wall and lumbar vertrebral area

88
Q

What do the lumbar veins accompany?

A

The lumbar arteries

89
Q

What are the male gonadal veins?

A

Testicular veins

90
Q

What is the female gonadal veins?

A

Ovarian veins

91
Q

How many gonadal veins are there?

A

Two

92
Q

What is the direction/location of the gonadal veins?

A

Ascend along the path of the psoas muscles

93
Q

Where do the gonadal veins run in respect to the ureters?

A

Anterior to the ureters

94
Q

Where does the right gonadal vein drain into?

A

The anterior IVC below the renal vein

95
Q

Where does the left gonadal vein drain into?

A

The left renal vein

96
Q

Why does the left gonadal vein drain into the left renal vein instead of the IVC directly?

A

Because the aorta is in the way, it drains into the left renal vein instead of having to cross over the aorta

97
Q

What is the location/aspect of the renal veins?

A

Exit the renal hilum and drain into the lateral IVC.

98
Q

Where do the renal veins sit in respect to the renal arteries?

A

The renal veins sit anterior to the renal arteries.

99
Q

Which is shorter the RRV or the LRV? Why?

A

The RRV is shorter because it doesn’t have to travel as far as the LRV.

100
Q

Which sits slightly inferior, the RRV or the LRV? Why?

A

The right renal vein, because it is on the same side as the liver and the liver takes up a lot of space and pushes it down.

101
Q

What is the location of the LRV in relation to the SMA and aorta?

A

The left renal vein runs posterior to the SMA but anterior to the aorta (under the hook).

102
Q

What veins drain into the LRV?

A

The left gonadal vein and the left suprarenal vein

103
Q

What is the direction of travel for the adrenal veins?

A

Same path as arteries, travel obliquely to the adrenal glands.

104
Q

Can adrenal veins be seen on UT?

A

Not usually.

105
Q

Where do the hepatic veins drain?

A

Different areas of the liver.

106
Q

What is the direction of the hepatic veins?

A

They travel diagonally through the liver tissue from and anterior/inferior position to a posterior/superior position to join with the IVC.

107
Q

Where do the hepatic veins drain into the IVC?

A

Very superior in the IVC, just inferior to the diaphragm.

108
Q

How many venous systems are there in the liver?

A

Two systems, the hepatic veins make up one of them.

109
Q

Read over diagrams/UT images in notes (very important images that are on the exams)

A

.

ANPH 205 (6 decks)

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