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Theme 1: Neuro Anatomy > The orbit and nasal cavity > Flashcards

The orbit and nasal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Nose function

A

To filter dust entering the respiratory system

Warm and moisten air

Hairs trap large particles of dust

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2
Q

Nose bones

A

Paired nasal bones

Maxillae

Frontal bone

Septum

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3
Q

Cartilages

A

3 main lateral, major alar and septal

Septal cartilage divides nasal cavity into left and right side

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4
Q

Septum

A

Divides the chamber into two cavities

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5
Q

Internal surface of the nose

A

Lateral wall has three projections

  • superior conchae
  • middle conchae
  • inferior conchae
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6
Q

Nose blood supply

A

Branches from opthalmic and maxillary arteries

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7
Q

Nerve supply of nose

A

From olfactory nerve (V1)

Opthalmic nerve (maxillary V2)

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8
Q

Cranial nerve 1

A

Olfactory

Type: special afferent- sensory

Exit: cribriform plate

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9
Q

Olfaction

A

Aided by air flow through the nasal cavity

Conchae help warm and moisten the air

Receptors are in the epithelium lining the roof and walls

Epithelium secretes mucus fluid, odoriferous gases are dissolved into the fluid then detected by the olfactory nerves

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10
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

Air filled extensions of the nasal cavity

Paired frontal sinuses in frontal bone that drain through frontonasal duct

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11
Q

Ethmoidal cells

A

Invaginations in the ethmoid bone and drain into middle meatus (if anterior or middle) or superior meatus (if posterior)

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12
Q

Sphenoidal sinuses

A

In sphenoid bone

Drain into spheno-ethmoidal recess

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13
Q

Maxillary sinuses

A

Paired maxillary sinuses in maxilla

Drain into middle meatus

Start growing at about age 2

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14
Q

Orbit bones

A

Frontal

Maxilla

Ethmoidal

Lacrimal

Sphenoidal

Temporal- zygomatic

Nasal

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15
Q

Eye

A

Contains optical apparatus for visual system

Located in orbit, suspended by muscles

Outer fibrous later- sclera and cornea

Vascular- iris

Inner- retina

Divided into anterior and posterior chambers

Optic nerve comes in with central artery

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16
Q

Cranial nerve 2

A

Optic nerve

Type: special afferent- sensory

Exit: optic canal

Special embryology: optic stalk grows out and lens vesicle grows in

17
Q

Movement of the eye

A

7 extraocular muscles surrounding globe of the eye responsible for moving it

18
Q

Extraocular muscles

A

Levator palpebrae

Superior oblique

Superior rectus

Medial rectus

Lateral rectus

Inferior rectus

Inferior oblique

Attached to eye and bones around it

19
Q

Movements if the eyeball

A

Vertical

Transverse

Anteroposterior

20
Q

Cranial nerve 3

A

Oculomotor nerve

Doesn’t supply superior oblique or lateral rectus

Type: somatic motor to extra-ocular muscles and via short ciliary nerves to ciliary body and sphincter pupillae

Exit: superior orbital fissure

Parasympathetic means less light going into the eye

21
Q

Cranial nerve 4

A

Trochlear nerve

Type: somatic motor to superior oblique

Exit: superior orbital fissure

22
Q

Cranial nerve 6

A

Abducent nerve

Type: somatic motor to lateral rectus

Exit: superior orbital fissure

23
Q

Orbit nerve supply

A

CN 2, 3, 4, 5(1), 6, 7

Sympathetic
- stimulates dilator pupillae to let more light in

Parasympathetic
- stimulates constrictor pupillae to let less light in

24
Q

Orbit blood supply

A

Opthalmic artery

Infra orbital artery

Central artery

25
Q

Clinical considerations

A

Inability of specific eye movements (CN 3,4,6), dilated pupil (CN 3), ptosis (CN 3), abnormal pupil reflex (CN 3)

  • CN 3: aneurysm of cerebral artery
  • CN 4: orbital fracture
  • CN 6: cavernous sinus lesion
26
Q

Lacrimal apparatus consists of

A

Lacrimal gland which secretes lacrimal fluid

Passes across eye and into lacrimal papilla, sac and inferior meatus via nasolacrimal duct

27
Q

Nerve supply for crying

A

Parasympathetic: secretomotor (via facial VII)

Sympathetic: vasoconstrictive ( superior cervical ganglion, via internal carotid)

28
Q

Conchae

A

Lined with epithelium

Help direct flow of air

Warm and moisten air

29
Q

Temporary anosmia

A

Due to mucus build up

30
Q

Permanent anosmia

A

Trauma to face

Abscess

Parkinson’s

31
Q

Levator palpebrae

A

Lifts the eyelid

32
Q

Superior rectus

A

At the top of the eye

Active in elevation

Adduction

33
Q

Inferior rectus

A

At the bottom of the eye

Active in depression

Adduction

34
Q

Medial rectus

A

Adduction

35
Q

Lateral rectus

A

Abduction

36
Q

Superior oblique

A

At the top

Active in depression

Abduction

37
Q

Inferior oblique

A

At the bottom

Active in elevation

Abduction

Theme 1: Neuro Anatomy (5 decks)

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