Neck and oral cavity

Question 1

Oral cavity

Answer 1

Located inferior to the nasal cavities and is continuous with both nasa cavities superiorly and pharynx inferiorly

Question 2

Outer oral vesitbule

Answer 2

Includes lips and cheeks

Question 3

Inner oral cavity

Answer 3

Enclosed by teeth

Question 4

Roof of oral cavity

Answer 4

Hard and soft palate

Question 5

Arches of oral cavity

Answer 5

Created by muscles of soft palate

Palatoglossal arch

Palaropharyngeal arach- ulva

Question 6

Floor of oral cavity

Answer 6

Formed by muscles (mylohyoid and geniohyoid) and tongue

Contains submandibular and sublingual galnds

Question 7

Tongue

Answer 7

Divided into anterior two thirds (oral) and posterior third (pharyngeal)

Papillae cover tongue

Undersurface contains medial fold

Question 8

Muscles of the tongue

Answer 8

Divided into left and right halves

All muscles are paired

Intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 9

Intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 9

Longitudinal, transverse and ventricle create precision movements for speech, eating and swallowing

Question 10

Extrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 10

Genioglossus- depresses and protrudes tongue

Hyoglossus- depresses tongue

Styloglossus- retract tongue

Palatoglossus- elevates back of tongue and depresses soft palate

Question 11

Blood supply of tongue

Answer 11

Lingual arteries and drained to lingual veins

Question 12

Tongue innervation: anterior 2/3

Answer 12

Taste
- special affereent facial CN7 via chorda tympani via lingual nerve (V3)

Sensation
- general sensation lingual nerve (V3)

Question 13

Tongue innervation: posterior 1/3

Answer 13

Taste
- special afferent glossopharyngeal (CN9)

Sensation
- general sensation glossopharyngeal (CN9)

Question 14

Motor innervation to whole tongue

Answer 14

Hypoglossal nerve (CN12) except platoglossus CN10

Question 15

Cranial nerve 9

Answer 15

Glossopharyngeal

Type: sensory, special sensory, motor and visceral

Exit: jugular forament

Question 16

Cranial nerve 9 innervation

Answer 16

Sensory: posterior 1/3 tongue, oropharynx

Taste: posterior 1/3 tongue

Motor: stylopharyngeus

Visceral to parotid gland to stimulate secretion to aid digestion

Question 17

Cranial nerve 12

Answer 17

Hypoglossal

Type: motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Exit: hypoglossal canal

Question 18

Larynx function

Answer 18

Provides protective sphincter for air passage and produces phonation

Question 19

Framework of larynx

Answer 19

Cartilages: thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, cuneiform, corniculate and epiglottis

Contains ligaments

Question 20

Nerve supply to larynx

Answer 20

Sensory and motor from the vagus via superior laryngeal branch and recurrent laryngeal branch

Question 21

Blood supply to larynx

Answer 21

Upper half by superior thyroid artery and lower half by inferior thyroid artery

Question 22

Pharynx

Answer 22

Most posterior part of neck

Funnel shaped tube with three sections

• nasopharynx
• laryngopharynx
• oropharynx

Question 23

Muscles of pharynx

Answer 23

Consist of three constrictors (superior, middle and inferior)

Question 24

Nerve supply to pharynx

Answer 24

Motor via vagus, except stylopharynx is CN9

Sensory via V2, CN9, CN10

Question 25

Cranial nerve 10

Answer 25

Vagus Type: sensory, taste, visceral sensory, motor and visceral motor Path: rootlets from medulla, through jugular foramen continues in carotid sheath, branches into head and thorax Exit: jugular foramen

Question 26

Cranial nerve 10 innervation

Answer 26

Sensory: from larynx, dura mater Tase: epiglottis and pharynx Visceral sensory: aortic bodies, aortic arch chemoreceptors, bronchi, heart, lungs, midgut and foregut Motor: palatoglossus, muscles of pharynx and larynx Visceral motor: as part of PS to smooth muscle in glands in pharynx, larynx, thoracic viscera, foregut and midgut

Question 27

Neck

Answer 27

Transition area between base of cranium superiorly and thoracic cage inferiorly Major conduit for structures passing between the head and thorax Supported posteriorly by 7 cervical vertebrae Contains mobile hyoid bone

Question 28

Fascia

Answer 28

Three important layers - pretracheal fascia - prevertebral fascia - onvesting fascia Important as reduces spread of infection

Question 29

Submandibular triangle bound by

Answer 29

Anterior and posterior bellies of digastric Contains: submandibular gland, facial artery and vein

Question 30

Submental triangle bounded by

Answer 30

Digastric Contains lymph nodes

Question 31

Muscular triangle bounded by

Answer 31

Omohyoid, SCM Contains supra and infra hyoid muscles

Question 32

Carotid triangle bounded by

Answer 32

Omohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric, SCM Contains: common carotid artery, IJV, hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve

Question 33

Suprahyoid muscles

Answer 33

Stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid Innervation: facial nerve for stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid by CN 5 and geniohyoid by CN12

Question 34

Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 34

Omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid and sternothyroid Innervation: C1 and C3 of ansa cervicallis

Question 35

Posterior triangle contains

Answer 35

Subclavian artery EJV Branchial plexus CN 11 Cervical plexus

Question 36

Occipital triangle bounded by

Answer 36

SCM Trapezius Omohyoid

Question 37

Supraclavicular triangle bounded by

Answer 37

Clavicular head of SCM Clavicle Omohyoid

Question 38

Arterial supply

Answer 38

Brachiocephalic Common carotid Internal and external carotids External carotid and 6 branches to supply the neck and head Superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, maxillary, superficial Subclavian arteries- inferior thyroid Internal carotid- no branches until inside skull

Question 39

Venous drainage

Answer 39

The IJV drains the brain, face, cervical viscera and neck muscles External jugular vein Anterior jugular vein

Question 40

Cranial nerve 11

Answer 40

Accessory nerve Type: motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius Exit: jugular foramen

Question 41

Cranial nerve 8

Answer 41

Vestibulocochlear nerve Type: sensory, special somatic afferent for hearing, equilibrium adn motion Path: divides into vestibular and cochlear nerves Exit: internal acoustic meatus