Skull and Cranial Cavity Flashcards
Scalp
Consists of 5 layers
Extends over neurocranium
Quite vascular
Innervation of the scalp
Trigeminal nerve
Spinal cutaneous nerves
Bones of the skull
Neurocranium and viscerocranium 22 bones
Sometimes extra bones
Neurocranium bones
8
- occipital
- 2 temporal
- 2 parietal
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
- frontal
Visceracranium bones
14
- 2 nasal conchae
- 2 nasal bones
- 2 maxilla
- 2 palentine bones
- 2 zygomatic bones
- 2 lacrimal bones
- vomer
- mandible
Foramina of the skull function
Permits nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the cranial cavity
Divisions in base of skull
Cranial fossa
- Anterior
- Middle
- Posterior
Meninges layers
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Role of meninges
Protection
Support network for blood vessels
Forms a fluid filed cavity to cushion and nourish the brain
Brain has to float in CSF so it doesn’t crush nerves below it
2 Dura mater layer
Endosteal layer
Meningeal layer
(closely applied to each other)
Dural sinus is split between containing venous structure
SCALP
Skin
Connective tissue (dense)
Aponeurotic layer
Loose connective tissue
Pericranium
Meningeal layer
Around brain and spinal cord
Endosteal layer
Lines the skull
Doesn’t go down spinal cord
Dura mater nerve supply
CN V (trigeminal)
CN X (vagus)
C1-3
Sympathetic
Dura mater blood supply
Middle meningeal artery
- tiny artery winding throw foramen spinosum to inside of skull
Meningeal layer of dura
Series of folds which divide the cranial cavity
Restrict movement of the brain
- flax cerebri
- tentorium cerebelli
- flax cerebelli
Falx cerebri
Separates cerebral hemispheres
Tentorium cerebelli
Separates cerebellar hemispheres from cerebral hemispheres
Falx cerebelli
Separates cerebellar hemispheres
Dura sensitive to stretching
Anatomical basis of headache
Damage to middle meningeal artery
Extradural haematoma
Tentorial herniation
Caused by space occupying lesion cause herniation of temporal lobe
e.g. tumour
Arachnoid mater
Thin avascular between pia and dura
Loosely applied layer with projections
All structures passing to/ from brain pass through subarachnoid space
Cerebrospinal fluid
Produced by choroid plexus in brain
Contained in subarachnoid space
Arachnoid granulations affect the transfer of CSF to the venous sinuses