Face, temporal and infratemporal fossa Flashcards
Muscles of the face
Responsible for closing the eye and mouth and for conveying mood
Occipitofrontalis
Elevates eyebrows
Aponeurosis forms part of scalp
Orbicularis oculi
Closes eyelids
Circular around eyes
Orbicular oris
Closes mouth
Zygomaticus major
Elevates labial commissure
Smiling and speaking
Platysma
Depresses mandible against resistance
Tenses fascia of neck
Buccinator
Compresses cheek
Innervation
Cutaneous innervation by the trigeminal nerve (5)
Facial muscles supplied by facial nerve (7)
Cranial nerve 7
Facial nerve
Type: sensory, taste, general, motor and visceral
Exit: internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen
Motor branches of CN 7
Posterior aurcicular
Temporal zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical
Parasympathetic branches of CN 7
Brannches to pterygopalatine
Taste branches of CN 7
Via chorda tympani via lingual nerve from anterior two thirds of tongue
General sensory branches of CN 7
Skin over external auditory meatus
Parotid gland
Largest of three salivary glands in the head that aids digestion
Superficial to muscles
Leaves gland at anterior edge and passes towards the corner of the mouth but turns deep through buccinator
Opens into oral cavity at upper second molar tooth
Muscles of mastication
Temporalis- elevation, retraction
Masseter- elevation
Medial pterygoid- elevation, side to side
Lateral pterygoid- protrusion and depression
Supplied by motor branch of V3
Cranial nerve 5
Trigeminal
Type: somatic and somatic motor to derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch
Exit
- superior orbital fissure V1
- foramen rotundum V2
- forament ovale V3
Three divisions of CN 5
V1- opthalmic
V2- maxillary
V3- Mandibular
Opthalmic
Type: sensory fibres skin, mucous membranes, conjunctive, front of head and nose
Path: branches into: lacrimal, nasocillary, frontal
Exit: superior orbital fissure
Maxillary
Type: sensory fibres dura, nasal, upper cheek, lip, teeth
Path: enters pterygopalatine fossa, gives off branches to pterygopalatine ganglion, through inferior orbital fissure
Exit: foramen rotundum
Branches of maxillary
Infraorbital
Zygomaticofacial
Zygomaticotemporal
Mandibular
Type: mixed
- sensory: lower face, lip, teeth
- motor: muscle of mastication
Exit: forament ovale
Branches of mandibular
Sensory: auriculotemporal, buccal, mental, lingual, inferior alveolar
Motor: temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids, nerve to mylohyoid
Parasympathetic: to salivary glands
Temporal fossa
Fan shaped space located on lateral surface of the skull
Contains: temporalis muscles, branches of V2
Infratemporal fossa
Inferior to temporal fossa
Contains: medial and lateral pterygoids, maxillary artery, V3, branches of facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and pterygoid plexus of veins
Arterial supply to the face
Provided by external carotid
Key branches of external carotid artery
Lingual
Facial
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
Venous drainage of the face
Facial vein drains majority of face starting near eye
Vein passes inferiorly and drains into internal jugular vein
Superficial temporal vein drains into external jugular vein
Nerve injury
Effects facial muscles
Difficulty opening/ closing eyes
Ulcers on eyes
Ability to swallow
