Face, temporal and infratemporal fossa

Question 1

Muscles of the face

Answer 1

Responsible for closing the eye and mouth and for conveying mood

Question 2

Occipitofrontalis

Answer 2

Elevates eyebrows

Aponeurosis forms part of scalp

Question 3

Orbicularis oculi

Answer 3

Closes eyelids

Circular around eyes

Question 4

Orbicular oris

Answer 4

Closes mouth

Question 5

Zygomaticus major

Answer 5

Elevates labial commissure

Smiling and speaking

Question 6

Platysma

Answer 6

Depresses mandible against resistance

Tenses fascia of neck

Question 7

Buccinator

Answer 7

Compresses cheek

Question 8

Innervation

Answer 8

Cutaneous innervation by the trigeminal nerve (5)

Facial muscles supplied by facial nerve (7)

Question 9

Cranial nerve 7

Answer 9

Facial nerve

Type: sensory, taste, general, motor and visceral

Exit: internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen

Question 10

Motor branches of CN 7

Answer 10

Posterior aurcicular

Temporal zygomatic

Buccal

Marginal mandibular

Cervical

Question 11

Parasympathetic branches of CN 7

Answer 11

Brannches to pterygopalatine

Question 12

Taste branches of CN 7

Answer 12

Via chorda tympani via lingual nerve from anterior two thirds of tongue

Question 13

General sensory branches of CN 7

Answer 13

Skin over external auditory meatus

Question 14

Parotid gland

Answer 14

Largest of three salivary glands in the head that aids digestion

Superficial to muscles

Leaves gland at anterior edge and passes towards the corner of the mouth but turns deep through buccinator

Opens into oral cavity at upper second molar tooth

Question 15

Muscles of mastication

Answer 15

Temporalis- elevation, retraction

Masseter- elevation

Medial pterygoid- elevation, side to side

Lateral pterygoid- protrusion and depression

Supplied by motor branch of V3

Question 16

Cranial nerve 5

Answer 16

Trigeminal

Type: somatic and somatic motor to derivatives of 1st pharyngeal arch

Exit

• superior orbital fissure V1
• foramen rotundum V2
• forament ovale V3

Question 17

Three divisions of CN 5

Answer 17

V1- opthalmic

V2- maxillary

V3- Mandibular

Question 18

Opthalmic

Answer 18

Type: sensory fibres skin, mucous membranes, conjunctive, front of head and nose

Path: branches into: lacrimal, nasocillary, frontal

Exit: superior orbital fissure

Question 19

Maxillary

Answer 19

Type: sensory fibres dura, nasal, upper cheek, lip, teeth

Path: enters pterygopalatine fossa, gives off branches to pterygopalatine ganglion, through inferior orbital fissure

Exit: foramen rotundum

Question 20

Branches of maxillary

Answer 20

Infraorbital

Zygomaticofacial

Zygomaticotemporal

Question 21

Mandibular

Answer 21

Type: mixed

• sensory: lower face, lip, teeth
• motor: muscle of mastication

Exit: forament ovale

Question 22

Branches of mandibular

Answer 22

Sensory: auriculotemporal, buccal, mental, lingual, inferior alveolar

Motor: temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoids, nerve to mylohyoid

Parasympathetic: to salivary glands

Question 23

Temporal fossa

Answer 23

Fan shaped space located on lateral surface of the skull

Contains: temporalis muscles, branches of V2

Question 24

Infratemporal fossa

Answer 24

Inferior to temporal fossa

Contains: medial and lateral pterygoids, maxillary artery, V3, branches of facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and pterygoid plexus of veins

Question 25

Arterial supply to the face

Answer 25

Provided by external carotid

Question 26

Key branches of external carotid artery

Answer 26

Lingual

Facial

Maxillary

Superficial temporal

Question 27

Venous drainage of the face

Answer 27

Facial vein drains majority of face starting near eye

Vein passes inferiorly and drains into internal jugular vein

Superficial temporal vein drains into external jugular vein

Question 28

Nerve injury

Answer 28

Effects facial muscles

Difficulty opening/ closing eyes

Ulcers on eyes

Ability to swallow