The ''Ologies'' Flashcards
Upon ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus, the aortic and carotid baroreceptors sense a rise in blood pressure, triggering the Branham reflex. What is the response?
A decrease in heart rate
Which organ system in which livestock species is the reservoir for Brachyspira hyodysenteriae?
The gastrointestinal tract of pigs
What are the mechanism and site of diuretic action of spironolactone?
Antagonizes aldosterone in the late distal tubule and collecting duct of the nephron
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) id a tick-borne zoonosis caused by this G- obligate intracellular parasite
Rickettsia rickettsii
Which bacterium is the causative agent of ‘‘circling disease’’?
Listeria monocytogenes
Rhodococcus equi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, infects which imune cell?
Macrophage
Name 2 classes of antibiotics that act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.
Cephalosporins and penicillins.
This caracteristic makes them bactericidal.
What is the causative agent of infectious canine hepatitis?
Canine Adenovirus I
Right heart failure affects which zone of the hepatic lobule?
Zone 3 - Centrilobular
What is the mechanism of edema caused by inflammation?
Inflammation results in edema by causing endothelial damage, leading to increased vascular permeability
Bovine pyelonephritis and ovine posthitis (‘‘pizzle rot’’) are associated with infection with which organism?
Corynebacterium renale
What is the effect of hypomagnesemia on the cell membrane threshold potential?
Decreases threshold potential (Which increases cellular excitability)
Canine localized demodicosis most often produces lesions localized to these areas of the body
Face and/or forelimbs
Cephalexin is a member of which class of antibiotics?
First generation cephalosporin
Which phase of estrus in dogs and cats is predominantly characterized by high circulating levels if progesterone?
Diestrus
(Also high during pregnancy or ovarian lesions such as cysts ot neoplasia)
What is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord?
Glutamate
The anti-ulcer drug omeprazole functions by which mechanism?
Proton pump inhibitor - Inactivates H+-K+ ATP-ase pump in the gastric parietal cell
Which bacterium is most commonly implicated in cases of pyoderma in the dog?
Staphylococcus pseudointermedius (formerly called Staph intermedius)
Postmortem examination of a sheep with a history of decreased appetite, diarrhea and wasting reveals marked irregular thickening of the abomasal wall with a convoluted appearance (sometimes likened to Morocco leather). What is the most likely cause?
Ostertagia circumcincta
Pimobendan exerts its effects via which mechanisms?
Calcium sensitization and phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition causing increased myocardial contractility and arterial dilation
In cats and dogs, the presence of renal tubular necrosis with large numbers of intratubular calcium oxalate crystals on microscopic examination of the kidney is characteristic of which chemical intoxication?
Ethylene Glycol Toxicosis
A deficiency in these nutrients is associated with muscle necrosis and mineralization in calves, lambs and foals (white muscle disease). Name the nutrients.
Vitamin E & Selenium
What is the causative agent of infectious canine thrombocytopenia?
Anaplasma platys
On which part of the kidneys does furosemide exert its primary diuretic effects?
Thick portion of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
What kind of virus are parvoviruses?
Non-envelopped, single stranded, DNA viruses
Intradermal skin testing for Mycobacterium bovis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type IV hypersensitivity, which is cell-mediated hypersensitivity. (aka delayed-type hypersensitivity)
Which physiologic stimulus leads to vasopressin (ADH - antidiuretic hormone) release from the pituitary?
Increased plasma osmolality (also severe hypovolemia and hypotension)
What is the potential concern with combining tramadol with a pure mu-receptor agonist opiod (e.g. morphine, hydromorphone)?
Compounding central nervous system and respiratory depression
What is the minimum number of weeks of oral antibiotic administration typically recommended for treatment of superficial pyodermas?
3 to 4 weeks
How does severe hypophosphatemia cause anemia?
Hemolysis due to altered RBC membrane deformability (also decreased ATP availability)
On which ionic process are oxytocin-induced uterine contractions dependent?
Adequate influx of extracellular calcium
Canine distemper virus is a member of which genus and family?
Genus: Morbilivirus
Family: Paramyxoviridae
In myocardial infarction, the primary type of healing involves which cell type?
Fibroblast
Renal conjugation of bilirubin with urinary excretion is seen in which domestic species?
Canine. This phenomenon explains the lack of importance of mild bilirubinemia in the dog
Where is renin produced?
In the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney
What effect does aldosterone have on the collecting duct of the kidney?
It enhances sodium and water reabsorption
Necropsy of an equine fetus aborted at 9 months of gestation reveals multifocal pinpoint hepatic necrosis and severe pulmonary edema. What is the likely etiology of the abortion?
Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1)
Zinc-responsive dermatosis is a zinc deficiency-induced disorder of keratinization common in this type of dog breed.
Northern breeds (Siberian Husky, Samoyed, and Alaskan Malamute)
Does chocolate toxicosis cause an increase or a decrease in CNS activity?
Increase (until terminal)
Plants of the genus Lantana can be toxic to cattle. Which 2 organ systems are affected?
Liver (hepatotoxicosis) and integument (phototoxicosis)