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Women's Health > The old, the young, the preggos > Flashcards

The old, the young, the preggos Flashcards

1
Q

What is menopause?

A

permanent cessation of menses due to loss of ovarian follicular function.
After 1yr of no menstrual bleeding

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2
Q

How many women in 2020 will be in menopause?

A

61 million

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3
Q

What is the natural age for menopause?

A

51 yr

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4
Q

What are 3 ways menopause can occur?

A
  • Natural
  • Premature due to medical intervention
  • Impaired ovarian function
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5
Q

What are the 3 classic symptoms of menopause?

A
  • Change in menstrual cycle
  • Vasomotor symptoms
  • Vulvovaginal symptoms, dyspareunia
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6
Q

“The menopause transition”

A

perimenopause

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7
Q

What is the most symptomatic phase for women?

A

perimenopause

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8
Q

Cessation of menstrauation after bilateral oophorectomy w/wo hysterectomy

A

induced menopause

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9
Q

Cessation of menstruation after chemotherapy or pelvic radiation therapy?

A

Iatrogenic menopause

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10
Q

What is the age for premature menopause?

A

before 40yo

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11
Q

Impaired ovarian function leading to amenorrhea younger than 40

A

Primary ovarian insufficiency

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12
Q

Years after FMP resulting from natural or premature menopause

A

Postmenopause

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13
Q

Postmenopausal years make up what fraction of women lifespan?

A

1/3 to 1/2

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14
Q

What percent of women experience vasomotor symptoms

A

75%

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15
Q

What is the # 1 vasomotor symptom women experience?

A

hot flushes

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16
Q

What are vaginal symptoms seen in menopause?

A

dryness, irritation, dyspareunia

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17
Q

What is the treatment for hot flushes

A

usually abate

but depends on woman preference

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18
Q

What is the treatment for vaginal atrophy?

A

regular sexual activity, lubricants, local vaginal estrogen

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19
Q

What causes vaginal atrophy

A

low estrogen

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20
Q

T/F sexual issues increase w/ aging?

A

True

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21
Q

What percent of women 50-82 report a ongoing sexual relationship?

A

50%

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22
Q

Vaginal atrophy increases the risk for what?

A

STI

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23
Q

Besides hot flushes, menopausal women are more likely to experience what other symptoms?

A

sleep disturbances, cognitive changes, sexual issues,

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24
Q

Women w/ a hx of premenstrual syndrome, stress, sexual dysfunction, or hot flashes are more vulnerable to what?

A

depressive symptoms

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25
Q

Most predictive factor for depression at midlife and beyond is prior history of what??

A

Clinical depression

26
Q

Treatment for urinary symptoms in menopause women?

A

weight loss for overweight
Kegel exercises
meds for OAB

27
Q

Treatment for mood changes in menopause women?

A

relaxation and stress reduction
antidepressants
counseling or psychotherapy

28
Q

Osteoporosis T score?

A

-2.5

29
Q

Osteopenia T score

A

-1.0 and -2.5

30
Q

What is second leading cause death among US women 45-54?

A

CVD

31
Q

Leading cause of death for women > 65?

A

CVD

32
Q

T/F menopause is associated w/ increased cancer risk?

A

FALSE

33
Q

Screening for breast cancer?

A

every 2 yrs 50-74y

34
Q

Colorectal cancer screening?

A

colonoscopy q 10 yr at 50y

35
Q

Cervical cancer screening?

A

Pap smear every 3 yrs or every 5 yr if combined w/ HPV after 3 normal 3 yrs in a row for 50-64

36
Q

When is a pap smear not needed?

A

> 65 w/3 or more normal pap test in a row, no abnormal pap in past 10yrs, or 2 more neg HPV in past 10yr

37
Q

What is the only government improved treatment for menopausal symptoms?

A

Hormone therapy HT

38
Q

What are risks for HT use?

A

thrombosis, stroke, CV events

39
Q

What are some lifestyle changes alternatives for HT therapy?

A

relaxation, eat a healthy diet, exercise, avoid hot flash triggers, keep cool

40
Q

Medical treatment for improving vaginal moisture?

A

Replens

41
Q

What can minors consent to?

A 
16 yrs older residing own urself
Unmarried and pregnant consenting to treatment related to pregnancy other than abortion
Dx treatment of an infection.
Suicide or chemical abuse
Active duty w/ armed services
42
Q

What important thing must be taken at a adolescent visit?

A

History

43
Q

T/F no pap smear is needed before <21

A

True

44
Q

What is used to address secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Tanner staging

45
Q

If a female is <24yr or younger and sexually active what should be tested?

A

Chlamydia and gonorrhea

46
Q

Median age for menstruation?

A

12yrs

47
Q

Mean cycle interval

A

32 days

48
Q

Menstrual cycle use?

A

3-6 pads or tampons per day

49
Q

What menstrual abnormalities must be evaluated?

A
  • haven’t started within 3 yrs of thelarche
  • haven’t started by 14yrs w/ hirsutism
  • haven’t started by 14yrs w/ excessive exercise or eating disorder
  • Have not started by 15yrs
  • Last more than 7 days
50
Q

What has happen to the adolescent birth rate?

A

historic low

51
Q

Why has adolescent birth rates fallen?

A

becoming more effective contraceptive users

52
Q

What two factors affect the pregnancy rate?

A

contraceptive use

sexual activity

53
Q

What is the ideal contraceptive for adolescent?

A

dual method use (IUD or implants and condoms)

54
Q

What is associated w/ oropharyngeal and anogenital cancer?

A

HPV

55
Q

What is the recommend age for HPV vaccination?

A

11-12yr can start @ 9yr

56
Q

What HPV vaccine is recommend?

A

9-valent

57
Q

What does 9-valent cover?

A

HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58

58
Q

T/F vaccination is recommended regardless of sexual activity or prior exposure to HPV

A

TRUE

59
Q

T/F HPV vaccine is associated w/ earlier onset of sex and increased STI

A

FALSE

60
Q

T/F HPV vaccine is given in pregnancy?

A

FALSE

61
Q

What are two severe allergies that is seen in HPV vaccine?

A

allergy to yeast

prior HPV vaccine dose

Women's Health (11 decks)

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