The North and Boreal Forest Flashcards
is a transitional region between the heavily populated south of Canada and the largely uninhabited north.
the Near North
Northern landscapes are underlain by mostly granitic _____ rock
Precambrian
the pattern of settlements tends to be ___, reflecting the historic influence of railways
linear
3 CMAs
Thunder Bay
Sudbury
Chicoutimi-Jonquiere
is an unpriced, and unintended consequence of one’s actions
Externality
The bioaccumulation of mercury could eventually result in
Minimata Disease
____ are likely to be the new source of mercury contamination
Logging practices
do nothing
Laissez-faire
moving away from coastlines as sea levels rise due to global warming
adaptive strategies
Kyoto Accord, which might address environmental concerns
Enact policies
The Boreal Forest covers roughly ___% of Canada’s area
35
___ marks the transition to tundra vegetation and the Canadian Arctic.
the northern edge of the Boreal forest
What 5 species of conifers dominate the boreal forest?
- white spruce
- black spruce
- balsam
- fir
- jack pine
- tamarack
The Boreal forest extends across what physiographic regions and landforms?
- mountainous highlands
- plains
- prairies
- Canadian Shield
Canada is now known as one of the world’s largest exporters of ___.
wood products
What are anthropogenic impacts to the Boreal forest?
forest management practices such as fire suppression, clear cutting, and reforestation.
___ often ruins whole ecosystems, as the trees are no longer present to shade and protect the underlying soil, water, vegetation and animals.
Clearcutting
is the world’s largest and most important carbon storehouse.
the boreal forest
is also referred to as the Territorial North.
the far north
much of the ___ is tundra and permafrost landscape
far north
is one of the least populated regions in Canada, with sparse communities of mostly natives.
the far north
is used to measure the degree of “northernness” in specific places.
Nordicity
are used to denote the degree of nordicity in a region
polar units
The absolute North Pole has a nordicity value of __ polar units.
1000
The Territorial North has been referred to as a _____ due to its geographical isolation from world markets, and resource development that is dependent on external demand only.
“resource frontier”
___ contain the most vulnerable ecosystems, and are predicted to experience the greatest response by climate change.
High latitude regions such as the Far North
_____ are responsible for decreasing the annual extent and duration of snow and ice cover.
rising temperatures
is a measured index of the reflectivity of a surface.
Albedo
is a soil zone that has remained frozen for two or more years.
permafrost
the resources, technology, social organization and ideology that permits the factors of production (land, labour, capital) to be combined in order to meet the material, social and spiritual needs of the society.
mode of production
what are the 2 modes of production in the Far North?
- Industrial - capitalist
- Native
are used to fuel the government as well as small and large businesses
Industrial/capitalist modes of production
use modes of production for subsistence only
Indigenous peoples
is the study of spatial variations
regional geography
is a distinct area of the Earth’s surface, defined by its human or natural characteristics.
a region
They are intellectual creations devised by people (usually, but not always geographers), for a particular purpose
regions
Why is it necessary to divide Canada into regions?
- for practical reasons
- pedagogical
is the feeling of identity, belonging, and attachment to geographic space.
a sense of place
is made up of the characteristics of a geographic area, with particular focus on human activity.
a cultural landscape
is often referred to as a turning point within the environmental movement.
love canal
