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Society, Culture and Economy Flashcards

1
Q

According to genetic testing, dental morphology and study of language families, it is known that early North Americans were of ____ ancestry who lived in and migrated up through Siberia.

A

Asian

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2
Q

It must have taken thousands of years for these people to slowly cross the____ and colonise North America.

A

Bering Land Bridge

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3
Q

The ____ most likely influenced the migration patterns of humans across the landscape

A

Laurentide Ice Sheet

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4
Q

is a body of ideas generally accepted as truth.

A

Conventional wisdom

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5
Q

determines Earth was created 23 Oct. 4004, according to scripture from the Christian Bible.

A

James Ussher - 1960s

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6
Q

argues that Earth must be much older than Ussher’s 5000 years

A

James Hutton - 1700s

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7
Q

publishes “Principles of Geography”

A

Charles Lyell - 1830

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8
Q

publishes first extensive study on glaciers

A

Scientist Louis Agassiz - 1840

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9
Q

publishes “Origins of Species”, evolution becomes a contested theory

A

Charles Darwin - 1859

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10
Q

Publishes “Geological Evidence for the Antiguity of Man”

A

Charles Lyell - 1863

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11
Q

Prevailing belief that North America remained untouched by humans until 4000 years ago.

A

1900

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12
Q

support for ice age migration mounting

A

1907

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13
Q

discovery of human artifacts at Folsom, New Mexico

A

1926

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14
Q

Discovery of human artifacts at Clovis, New Mexico

A

1932

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15
Q

___ Theory accepted as earliest evidence for humans in North America

A

Clovis First

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16
Q

Radiocarbon dating invented

A

1940

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17
Q

Clovis First Theory accepted due to the advent of dating techniques and availability of evidence

A

1960s

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18
Q

works on the principle of stable radioactive decay.

A

Radiocarbon dating

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19
Q

is a radionuclide (meaning it is radioactive, not stable and subject to decay) that is created due to cosmic rays interacting with particles in the upper atmosphere.

A

C14

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20
Q

these are created using bifacial percussion flaking (each face is flaked on both edges alternatively with a percussor).

A

Clovis Points

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21
Q

happens when anomalies and contradictions to an existing paradigm (referred to earlier as the conventional wisdom) result in the acceptance of a new way of thinking- and the replacement of the old paradigm with a new one.

A

A paradigm shift

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22
Q

_____ founded by the French is 1608, is the oldest permanent European colony in Canada.

A

Quebec City

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23
Q

_____ was quite a lucrative business in the early days of European settlement on the NA continent.

A

Fur trading

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24
Q

took place between fledgling American forces, and the French, British, Natives and Canadians who had interest in keeping British NA intact.

A

The war of 1812

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25
In 1867, which 4 provinces united to form the "Dominion of Canada" under the British North American Act?
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
26
___ became the 7th province in 1873
PEI
27
__ and __ became the 8th and 9th provinces, joining Canada in 1905.
Alberta and Saskatchewan
28
____ joined Canada in 1949, becoming the 10th and final province
Newfoundland
29
also known as the geography of the human condition
social geography
30
interested in the study of how culture, ethnicity, demographics and human welfare interact over space and through time.
social geography
31
Since confederation, Canada's population has slowly been ____
growing
32
the doubling time of Canada is ___ years
116
33
Our crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) are both
relatively low
34
are useful for looking at demographic changes over time.
population pyramids
35
is the measure of the number of people per unit area.
population density
36
is the long term relocation from one area to another
migration
37
In the early 20th century most immigrants came from___ and ____.
Great Britain and western Europe
38
Today, most of Canada's immigrants have come from ___ countries
Asian
39
affiliation with a group whose racial, cultural, religious, or linguistic characteristics or national origin separate it from the larger population
Ethnicity
40
are an important way for Canadians to express their freedom of speech and reach out and support each other.
public demonstrations
41
The term ____ in Canada is used for any area with 1000 or more people, and a density of more than 400 people/km2.
urban
42
is the process of societal change, whereby the population classified as "urban" increases.
urbanization
43
Since 1970, more ____ and fewer ___ have been attending university.
women; men
44
Canada's indigenous peoples have a rich culture featuring diverse languages with over ___ bands in ___ distinct culture regions.
600; 7
45
___ fertility rates and ____ mortality rates in the late 20th century have caused the Aboriginal population to ____ dramatically in recent years.
high declining increase
46
is one which is chronically disadvantaged, lacking the ability to meet its needs due to systemic, economic and political discrimination
A marginalized population
47
changes to the Indian Act extend formal Indian Status to the Metis, all enfranchised aboriginals living off reserve land and aboriginal women who had previously lost their status by marrying a non-aboriginal man
1985
48
The Oka Crisis focuses attention of native land claims
1990
49
Nunavut is created in the western Arctic, with lands set aside where Inuit can live, hunt and control sub-surface resources.
1999
50
the federal government approves the Nisaga'a Treaty, giving the tribe about $196 million over 15 years plus communal self-government and control of natural resources in parts of northwestern British Columbia.
2000
51
The Kelowna Accord called for spending $5 billion over 5 years to improve native education, health care and living conditions. Paul Martin's minority Liberal government fell before the accord could be implemented.
2005
52
Prime Minister Stephen Harper offers a formal apology on behalf of Canada over residential schools
2008
53
Canada signs the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
2010
54
A winter housing crisis in the northern Ontario native community of Attawapiskat rivets national attention on native living conditions
2011
55
Harper holds a summit meeting with First Nations chiefs
2012
56
attempts to represent the diverse interests of Canada's aboriginal peoples
the assembly of First Nations
57
where the government must address the challenges facing Native Canadians and be willing to share power with them; this is a more extreme, militant attitude.
Rights-based activist approach
58
more of a cooperative or conciliatory way of thinking, with cautious and incremental co-operation to foster political partnerships between Natives and non-Natives
second approach
59
Families spending more than 59% of their income on necessities (defined as food, shelter, clothing) are said to be in
straightened circumstances
60
The average Canadian family spends roughly ___ of its income on necessities.
40%
61
low income relative to the average or median income of the Canadian population.
poverty
62
poverty results from the internal pathology of deviant groups, that is, poverty is the result of failures of the poor themselves
culture of poverty
63
this view considers the possibility that poverty results from individual inadequacies, often transmitted from generation to generation.
cycle of poverty
64
this perspective is based on the view that poverty is rooted in the failure of the state to provide aid in those in need.
institutional malfunctioning
65
- this perspective treats poverty as a logical outcome of capitalism - states that poverty is simply an inevitable outcome of a stratified capitalist society
unequal distribution of resources
66
suggests that poverty is the result of having different tiered wages for different jobs and skill levels.
labour market theory
67
Median family income in Canada is currently just slightly less than
$70,000.
68
is the hourly pay required to meet basic needs including housing, food, clothing, utilities, and childcare.
a living wage
69
The living wage is invariably higher than the
minimum wage
70
the __ is our largest trading partner, with 80% of our exports destined there each year
US
71
consists of fishing, farming, mining, forestry, and trapping
primary sector
72
manufacturing and meat packing
secondary economic activities
73
sale of goods and services, including retailing and education
tertiary sector
74
deals with the handling and processing of knowledge and information
quaternary sector
75
is the measure of the value of goods and services produced by the domestic economy
the gross domestic product (GDP)
76
economic growth and development of a country is based on the export of natural resources
staples theory
77
Economies of scale are benefits associated with ____ levels of output.
increasing
78
a geographic area characterized by distinct economic activities
economic region
79
explains how the capitalist economic system has evolved into distinct spatial units
The Heartland-Hinterland theory
80
is located in the Great Lakes- St. Lawrence Lowland, consisting of southern Ontario and southern Quebec.
Canada's Heartland region
81
slow-growing Atlantic Canada; fast-growing western Canada and British Columbia; and the resource frontier in the Territorial North.
hinterland regions
82
captures the essence of Canada's spatial economy.
core/periphery model
83
meaning that commerically viable agriculture is restricted to a very small portion of the country.
arable
84
defined as an agricultural holding which produces at least one of the following intended for sale- crops, livestock, poultry, animal products, greenhouse/nursery products, mushrooms, sod, honey, or maple syrup products
a Census Farm
85
the sum total of all operations involved in the manufacture and distribution of farm supplies; production operations on the farm; storage, processing and distribution of farm commodities and products made from them.
Agribussiness

Geography (6 decks)

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