the nobility Flashcards
position of nobility had suffered as a result of emancipation, they were in decline- why?
had lost land,serfs,their status and control of te peasantry
generously compensated but much of this money had been used to?
pay off debts and mortgages
but some had thrived on
favorable arrangements for land distribution or involvement in industrial enterprises and financial speculation
other , perhaps serving in gov office or with strong military connections retained?
much of their former influence + lifestyle
around how much of all nobles’ land was transferred to townsmen or peasants between 1861 and 1905?
around 1/3
there were certainly nobles who?
struggled to meet debts, failed to understand modern money management, investment for the future + need to adjust living standards accordingly
increasing number of nobles sold their land
in 1861 they owned how much land?
80% of land
increasing number of nobles sold their land
in 1905 they owned?
only 40%- sold it mainly to peasants
some nobles successfully adapted to their changing circumstances
a relatively small number developed their?
estates, using modern methods and more agricultural machinery
- these nobles achieved high yields + grew cash crops for the market
some nobles maintained their stranglehold on the top jobs . in 1897 how many of the 1,400 highest ranking civil servants were nobles?
1,000 of the 1,400
significant number moved to growing professions= emdical,legal, education
in 1880 how many of the university professors came from nobility
1/5
some= became investors in lands or shares in new companies what lent them money at low interest?
nobles’ land banl
in moscow 1882 how many nobles owned business
700 nobles
in moscow 1882 how many nobles employed in commerce,transport or industry?
nearly 2,500
however there was no what to diminish nobles income or substantially harm their traditional way of life?
no redistributive taxation(where richer people taxed to allow for welfare benefits poorer people) pr attacks on landed wealth
