The Nineteenth Century

Question 1

Describe population growth

Answer 1

• 1801- 6.3 million
• 1901- 41.6 million

Multiplied 7fold

Question 2

Describe the changes of living between 1801 and 1901

Answer 2

• more people lived in towns than in the country- towns were built quickly and were squalid
• more people worked in industry than agriculture

Question 3

Describe how the source of wealth changed between 1801 and 1901

Answer 3

industry and trade became a quicker way to riches than owning land

Question 4

Describe the new class of people that emerged

Answer 4

• entrepreneurs and successful businessmen
• bought up old landed estates and toon their place in running the country
• exploitation was rife - forced workers to labour for long hours and low wages

Question 5

Describe the Penny Post

Answer 5

Meant that you could send letters anywhere in the country

Question 6

Describe the telegraph

Answer 6

Transmit simple messages over large distances very quickly

Question 7

Describe the expanding railway network

Answer 7

• Possible for people to travel and quickly and cheaply around the country
• Distributed newspapers overnight around the country- national newspaper
• Daily mail flourished
• now possible to find out what was happening in London and other parts of the country in 24 hours

Question 8

Describe the conflict theories of government that emerged

Answer 8

• Jeremy Bentham, Samuel Smiles- it was not the business of the government to intervene in social conditions or in the relationship between workers and employers
• Lord Shaftesbury, Octavia Hill, Elizabeth Fry- the state had a duty to intervene and to put right the wrongs of society (majority of the country supported this belief)

Question 9

Describe Samuel Smiles

Answer 9

Author of the best-selling book Self Help

Question 10

Describe the Public Health Act

Answer 10

• 1848

* improved conditions in new towns

Question 11

Describe Board Schools

Answer 11

• set up in 1870
• government funded
• educated children up to 11
• 1880- education made compulsory- government was reluctant to act and needed pushed hard to do so

Question 12

Anti-Corn Law League

Answer 12

• powerful lobby group of employers and workers

* managed to persuade the government to act

Question 13

Describe the Rochdale Co-operative Store

Answer 13

• small-scale local club
• set up in 1844
• local initiative- people banned together to improve their own lives

Question 14

Describe Building Societies

Answer 14

• began in 1780s
• workers saved money so they could buy there own place to live
• latter part of nineteenth century- nearly every town had a Building Society