Pilgrimage of Grace Flashcards
When were the monasteries dissolved- as a result of what?
- September 1536
* as a result of the Act of Suppression
Describe the beginnings of the Lincolnshire Rising
- 1st October 1536- parishioners arrived at St. James’ Church, Louth, Lincolnshire
- Foundation Abbey (branch of Cistercians) has been dissolved
Describe the rumours circulating that caused the Lincolnshire Uprising
- worries that the King’s Commission was coming to take away the churches collection of silver plate- last time they could walk in procession behind their silver cross
- rumours; church wealth confiscated, churches within 5 miles of each other closed, minor clerics expelled
Describe the religious disputes in Lincolnshire
- Bishop of Lincoln- reformer
- Lincolnshire people- catholics- upset about Catherine of Aragon divorce and declaration of Mary as illegitimate
- increased taxes
Describe the formation of the Lincoln Articles
- 2nd October- crowed captured one of the King’s Commissioners and forced him to explain their grievances
- 4th October- one of Bishop of Lincoln’s men killed, gentry joined revolt; John Hussey of Sleaford (major landowner)
- 10,000 men from Louth, Horncastle, Caistor and Market Rasen marched to Lincoln
Describe the failure of the Lincolnshire uprising
- 10th October- heard army was en route
* 11th October- 40 miles from Lincoln, rebels dissipate with no disciplined leader
Describe the short term consequences of the Lincolnshire Uprising
- 100 death sentences imposed
- 57 carried out
- Lord Hussey and some of the monks from Louth Abbey executed (by beheading)
Describe Robert Aske
- lawyer- gentry
- based in York, often in London
- October 1536- travelling through Lincolnshire en route to London
- caught up in Lincolnshire uprising
- swore an oath to the rebels- persuaded to join by Lincoln Articles
- gave the revolt its name
- wrote the oath which the Pilgrims took
- tried to insist on peaceful rebellion
- frozen out of leadership by nobles, not involved in Doncaster negotiations in December with Norfolk, one of the first to disperse
Describe the grievances of the Yorkshire rebels
- return to the ‘old ways’
- remove Cromwell
- remove taxes on birth, marriage and death
- remove the Prayer Book issued in 1535
- reduce food prices which had been raised by the poor harvests of 1535 and 1536
- removal of Anne Boleyn
- decreasing taxes
- greater power to the North
Describe the Pilgrim’s Oath
defended and maintained the faith of Christ and the holy church which was being oppressed by the king
Describe the initial success of the Pilgrims
- York, Hill, Beverley and Pontefract succumbed
- Pontefract castle (royal stronghold) sieged
- revolts in Cumbria, Lancashire, Westmorland, Northumberland and Durham
- Lords (Percy’s), knights, gentry (such as Aske) and commoners joined
- returned monks and nuns to monasteries and nunneries
Describe the opposition to the Pilgrims
- King’s army of the north
- 5,000 men (to 50,000 rebels)
- led by Duke of Norfolk, who insisted the king had to negotiate
Describe the negotiations with the Pilgrims
- bought time
- pardoned all- read on 7th December
- promised a Parliament in York
- no more monasteries would be closed
Describe the failure of the Pilgrimage of Grace
- Aske spent Christmas with the king at Windsor
- January- a new revolt broke out in Beverley
- 216 executed (38 monks, 16 parish priests)
- Aske hung in chains in York
Short term significance of the Pilgrimage of Grace
- religious reforms sped up- rest of monasteries dissolved
- allowed English reformation to continue
- established Henry as an absolute monarch
