The New Republic Flashcards
Cromwell has now taken power
Opposition to the new republic - Levellers
- Unhappy about being denied influence and wanted the army as their powerbase
- Rump ordered the arrest of their leaders
Opposition to the new republic - Irish Royalists
- Irish Catholics and Anglicans unified
- Refused to surrender at Drogheda and Wexford
Opposition to the new republic - Scottish Royalists
- Scottish army supported Charles II
- Cromwell defeated the Scots at Dunbar
Opposition to the new republic - Charles Stuart and his supporters
- Turned to the West of Scotland for support after Battle of Dunbar loss
Cromwell during his attack on Ireland
- Insisted Civilians and there property be respected - Punished troops who disobeyed these orders
- To prevent further Irish uprisings, land was taken off of royalist leaders and given to protestant settlers - Catholic land ownership dropped by 40%
Movement to Holland and new England
Smyth and Robinson = exiled to Holland to avoid persecution
Emergence of the Baptist movement
Smyth’s congregation became first English Baptists - 1626 = Baptist churches in England
Why did Separatism increase in 1641
Calling of Long Parliament and attack on authority of the Church meant these groups could now expand - Also collapse of Press censorship
Why is it impossible for separatism to be controlled by Conservatives
‘License of preaching and printing’ meant all were able to publish anything they wanted
Diggers after the Regicide
- Wanted common ownership of property
- Had established colonies by 1650s - never more than a few hundred people though
Fifth Monarchists after the Regicide
- Believed Christ would rule on earth - Never more than 10,000 followers - Labelled as the ‘worst of men’
Muggletonians
- Believed end of world was near - Difficult to gain followers and died off in 1679
Seekers and Quakers
- Hostile to every form of social hierarchy - Known for their refusal to swear oaths etc
- Feared amongst Gentry
- 1650s = 40,000 members
Ranters
- Never organised group
- Appealed to the poor but collapsed in 1652
- Believed in Antinomianism which was the idea that they did not have to follow laws etc
Levellers after the Regicide
- Hoped agreement of the people would form the basis of England’s next Constitution
- Mutinies were easily defeated by Cromwell’s army
Reaction to religious Radicalism - under the Rump
Religious radicals were gotten rid of - Levellers arrested etc
Reaction to religious Radicalism - Political nation
Quakers resisted the Political nation by refusing to remove hats as sign of respect etc
James Harringtons views
- 1656
- Argued that because the basis of power lay in ownership of property, power should be vested into the people (who own property)
Naylors Case
Quaker Leader who re-enacted Christ - Rump tried to give him death penalty however Cromwell freed him - Shows Cromwell’s hopes of a more tolerable church etc
Why was the Rump dissolved - Political / Constitutional reasons
- Wasn’t supposed to be permanent - Made provision in 1651 to disband itself by 1654
- Relied on support from the army after Prides purge -angered the army as it appeared they were clinging onto power
Why was the Rump dissolved - Religion
- Cromwell’s religious ideas were radical
Why was the Rump dissolved - Divisions between parliament and the army
- Rump wanted a ‘new representative’ ,parliament - Army saw this as an attempt to prevent the election of a completely new parliament
Adultery act
- 10th May 1650
- Death penalty for the crime - shows the Rump’s desire for godliness
Blasphemy act
- 9th August 1650
- Shows Rump’s concern to impose godliness
